Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
Centro de Estudios Sociosanitarios, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, España.
Cad Saude Publica. 2023 Nov 13;39(10):e00206722. doi: 10.1590/0102-311XEN206722. eCollection 2023.
This study aims to determine the association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and its food groups with depressive symptoms in Chilean university students. The study design was cross-sectional. A total of 934 first-year students at a Chilean public university completed a self-report questionnaire. To assess adherence to Mediterranean diet, an index validated in Chile (Chilean-MDI) was used, and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were assessed using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association of adherence to Mediterranean diet and its food groups with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms adjusted for the main confounders. Students with moderate and high adherence to Mediterranean diet showed lower odds of depression [DASS-21 > 5, odds ratio (OR) = 0.64; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.47-0.88] than those with low adherence to Mediterranean diet. The consumption of 1-2 servings/day of vegetables (OR = 0.63; 95%CI: 0.43-0.92), > 2 servings/week of nuts (OR = 0.41; 95%CI: 0.21-0.80), 1-2 servings/day of fruits (OR = 0.60; 95%CI: 0.42-0.85), 1-2 servings/week of fish and seafood (OR = 0.67; 95%CI: 0.48-0.94), and 1/2-3 units/week of avocado (OR = 0.67; 95%CI: 0.48-0.93) showed low odds of depressive symptoms. The consumption of whole grains and cereals (> 2 servings/day) (OR = 1.63; 95%CI: 1.02-2.61) showed the opposite association. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and consumption of fruits, vegetables, nuts, avocado, fish, and seafood are associated with a lower likelihood of depression in Chilean university students. New policies and educational strategies are recommended to improve diet quality and the mental health of the entire university community.
本研究旨在探讨智利大学生坚持地中海饮食及其食物组与抑郁症状之间的关联。研究设计为横断面研究。智利一所公立大学的 934 名一年级学生完成了一份自我报告问卷。为了评估地中海饮食的依从性，使用了在智利验证的指数（智利-MDI），使用抑郁、焦虑和压力量表（DASS-21）评估抑郁、焦虑和压力症状。使用逻辑回归模型分析地中海饮食及其食物组与抑郁、焦虑和压力症状的关联，调整了主要混杂因素。中度和高度坚持地中海饮食的学生出现抑郁的可能性较低[DASS-21>5，比值比（OR）=0.64；95%置信区间（95%CI）：0.47-0.88]，而低度坚持地中海饮食的学生出现抑郁的可能性较高。每天食用 1-2 份蔬菜（OR=0.63；95%CI：0.43-0.92）、每周食用>2 份坚果（OR=0.41；95%CI：0.21-0.80）、每天食用 1-2 份水果（OR=0.60；95%CI：0.42-0.85）、每周食用 1-2 份鱼和海鲜（OR=0.67；95%CI：0.48-0.94）和每周食用 1/2-3 份鳄梨（OR=0.67；95%CI：0.48-0.93）的学生抑郁症状的可能性较低。全谷物和谷物（>2 份/天）的食用（OR=1.63；95%CI：1.02-2.61）则呈现相反的关联。坚持地中海饮食以及食用水果、蔬菜、坚果、鳄梨、鱼和海鲜与智利大学生抑郁的可能性降低相关。建议采取新的政策和教育策略来改善饮食质量和整个大学社区的心理健康。
