Institute for Biomedicine of Ageing, Chair of Internal Medicine V, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kobergerstraße 60, 90408, Nuremberg, Germany.
Institute for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2022 Oct;76(10):1440-1448. doi: 10.1038/s41430-022-01129-y. Epub 2022 Apr 11.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Poor food intake is a major etiological factor of malnutrition. This research aims to describe the prevalence of recent and current low food intake (LI) and to identify factors associated with LI in adult hospital patients from different medical specialities.
SUBJECT/METHODS: 1865 patients participating in the nutritionDay survey 2016-2020 in Germany were included. LI was defined by decreased eating both on nutritionDay and in the week before hospitalisation. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with LI overall and in different specialities.
LI was observed in 21.1% of all patients, with the highest prevalence in Gastroenterology (26.6%) and the lowest in Neurology (11.2%). Weight loss within three months before nutritionDay (OR 2.62 [95% CI 1.93-3.56]), (very) poor self-rated health (2.17 [1.62-2.91]), female sex (1.98 [1.50-2.61]), uncertain weight loss (1.90 [1.03-3.51]), digestive disease (1.90 [1.40-2.56]), inability to walk without assistance (1.55 [1.14-2.12]) and emergency admission (1.38 [1.02-1.86]) were associated with increased risk, cardiac insufficiency (0.55 [0.37-0.83]) and being in a neurological ward (0.51 [0.28-0.92]) with decreased risk in the total sample. In Gastroenterology and Oncology, estimates were higher than in the entire sample; no significant associations were found in Neurology and Geriatrics, presumably due to the low prevalence of LI in Neurology and limited data quality in Geriatrics.
LI is common in German hospital patients and associated with female sex, poor health and decreased functional status. Interdisciplinary differences suggest a discipline-specific approach to dealing with malnutrition.
背景/目的：不良的饮食摄入是营养不良的一个主要病因。本研究旨在描述近期和当前低饮食摄入（LI）的流行情况，并确定不同医学专业住院患者 LI 的相关因素。
纳入了参加德国 2016-2020 年营养日调查的 1865 名患者。LI 通过在营养日和住院前一周减少进食来定义。采用多变量二项逻辑回归来确定整体和不同专业中与 LI 相关的因素。
LI 在所有患者中占 21.1%，在胃肠病学中最高（26.6%），在神经病学中最低（11.2%）。营养日三个月前体重减轻（OR 2.62 [95% CI 1.93-3.56]）、（非常）差的自我评估健康状况（2.17 [1.62-2.91]）、女性（1.98 [1.50-2.61]）、不确定的体重减轻（1.90 [1.03-3.51]）、消化疾病（1.90 [1.40-2.56]）、无法无辅助行走（1.55 [1.14-2.12]）和紧急入院（1.38 [1.02-1.86]）与风险增加相关，心脏功能不全（0.55 [0.37-0.83]）和在神经科病房（0.51 [0.28-0.92]）与总样本中的风险降低相关。在胃肠病学和肿瘤学中，估计值高于整个样本；在神经病学和老年病学中没有发现显著的相关性，这可能是由于神经病学中 LI 的低患病率和老年病学中数据质量有限。
LI 在德国住院患者中很常见，与女性、健康状况差和功能状态下降有关。学科间的差异表明需要针对不同学科的方法来处理营养不良。
