Pluck Ferdy, Ettema Roelof, Vermetten Eric
Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands.
Research Group Personalized Integrated Care, University of Applied Science Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Apr 1;13:829522. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.829522. eCollection 2022.
Most asylum seekers experience stress, not only due to the reason for fleeing and their travel but also due to their compulsory stay in the asylum seeker center in the Netherlands and the asylum procedure. This often leads to self-medication and addiction which causes lower self-esteem and lower quality of life. Adverse life events, forced migration, and prolonged asylum procedures, in addition to the complexity of the acculturation process, can all contribute to higher levels of psychopathology.
What are the threats to wellbeing in terms of mental health, psychosocial, and addiction problems, and what are the effective interventions for wellbeing for asylum seekers in asylum seeker centers in the Netherlands, reported in the literature?
Following the descriptive nature of the research question and the need for identifying knowledge gaps, an overview of existing knowledge was created by executing a scoping review on influencing factors on the mental health of asylum seekers. The Neuman system model was used as a guiding framework to understand the complexity of the issues this population experience and to identify the stressors and the factors which cause the imbalance and also the disease.
The literature review resulted in 26 articles that met the criteria for inclusion. The threats included the influence of staying in the environment of an asylum seekers center, drug abuse among asylum seekers, health-care professionals and employees who do not detect or underestimate the underlying suffering of asylum seekers, and frequent relocations of asylum seekers. The two assessment instruments used were the Rapid-Assessment-Response method (RAR method) and the Health Information Assessment Tool Asylum Seeker tool (HIATUS tool). Finally, the five interventions were identified: therapy for asylum seekers diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PSTD), art therapy, education focused on prevention as intervention, cultural interview, and mindspring.
The knowledge on identifying and reducing threats, assessment, and treatment interventions for asylum seekers living in an asylum seekers center found in the literature provided perspectives on improving their wellbeing. The great diversity of cultural aspects and continuous changes in the number and origin of refugees in the Dutch asylum seekers centers disrupted the continuity of care.
大多数寻求庇护者都经历着压力，这不仅源于他们逃离的原因和旅途经历，还源于他们在荷兰的寻求庇护者中心的强制停留以及庇护程序。这常常导致自我用药和成瘾，进而导致自尊降低和生活质量下降。除了文化适应过程的复杂性之外，不良生活事件、被迫迁移和冗长的庇护程序都可能导致更高水平的精神病理学问题。
文献中报道的，荷兰寻求庇护者中心的寻求庇护者在心理健康、心理社会和成瘾问题方面，对幸福安康有哪些威胁？针对幸福安康的有效干预措施又有哪些？
鉴于研究问题的描述性质以及识别知识空白的必要性，通过对影响寻求庇护者心理健康的因素进行范围综述，创建了现有知识的概述。纽曼系统模型被用作指导框架，以理解这一人群所经历问题的复杂性，并识别压力源以及导致失衡和疾病的因素。
文献综述产生了26篇符合纳入标准的文章。这些威胁包括身处寻求庇护者中心环境的影响、寻求庇护者中的药物滥用、未察觉或低估寻求庇护者潜在痛苦的医疗保健专业人员和员工，以及寻求庇护者的频繁搬迁。所使用的两种评估工具是快速评估-应对方法（RAR方法）和健康信息评估工具寻求庇护者工具（HIATUS工具）。最后，确定了五种干预措施：对被诊断患有创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的寻求庇护者进行治疗、艺术治疗、以预防为重点的教育作为干预措施、文化访谈和心灵泉源。
文献中关于识别和减少对居住在寻求庇护者中心的寻求庇护者的威胁、评估和治疗干预措施的知识，为改善他们的幸福安康提供了视角。荷兰寻求庇护者中心文化方面的巨大多样性以及难民数量和来源的持续变化，扰乱了护理的连续性。
