Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 28 Dian Xin Nan Jie, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
Sleep Medicine Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
BMC Psychiatry. 2022 Apr 19;22(1):274. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-03933-z.
Mood disorder, impulsivity and aggression are common in drug users compared to healthy controls. However, no study has focused on the difference in various types of drug users. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the differences in depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and aggression among methamphetamine, heroin and polysubstance users and to further explore the risk factors for severe depression in the three groups.
Drug users over 18 years old who met the DSM-V diagnostic criteria for substance -related disorders were included in the study. All participants completed a general questionnaire, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Barratt impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS-11), and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). One-way ANOVAs or Chi-square tests were used to test the differences among the groups, correlation analysis was used to test the relationship between drug use and other parameters, and multiple logistic regression was conducted to assess the risk factors for severe depression.
A total of 1,486 participants were included, comprising 86.3% males with a mean age of 38.97 years. There was a significant difference in the percentage of severe depression and SDS scores among the three groups, but no significant difference was found in SAS, BIS-11 and BPAQ scores. Using methamphetamines, hostility and anxiety were risk factors for developing severe depression in all the participants and anxiety remained constant in the other three groups. Moreover, methamphetamine use was 2.16 and 3.35 times more likely to cause severe depression than heroin and polysubstance use, respectively. The initial age of substance use was negatively correlated with BPAQ, SAS, and SDS scores, whereas the drug use duration and addiction duration were positively correlated.
In this study, we found that the highest prevalence of severe depression was in participants using methamphetamines and that using methamphetamines, hostility, and anxiety were risk factors for developing severe depression. This result addressed an important gap in our knowledge of the different characteristics of depression, anxiety, impulsivity and aggression in various types of substance users and provides clinicians and policy-makers with directions for intervention and preventing relapse.
与健康对照组相比，情绪障碍、冲动和攻击行为在吸毒者中更为常见。然而，尚无研究专门关注不同类型吸毒者之间的差异。因此，本研究的目的是探讨苯丙胺、海洛因和多药物使用者之间抑郁、焦虑、冲动和攻击行为的差异，并进一步探讨三组重度抑郁的危险因素。
纳入年龄在 18 岁以上且符合 DSM-V 物质相关障碍诊断标准的吸毒者。所有参与者完成一般问卷、zung 自评抑郁量表（SDS）、zung 自评焦虑量表（SAS）、巴瑞特冲动量表 11 版（BIS-11）和 Buss-Perry 攻击问卷（BPAQ）。采用单因素方差分析或卡方检验比较组间差异，采用相关性分析测试药物使用与其他参数的关系，采用多因素逻辑回归评估重度抑郁的危险因素。
共纳入 1486 名参与者，男性占 86.3%，平均年龄 38.97 岁。三组重度抑郁和 SDS 评分的百分比存在显著差异，但 SAS、BIS-11 和 BPAQ 评分无显著差异。使用苯丙胺、敌意和焦虑是所有参与者发生重度抑郁的危险因素，在其他三组中焦虑保持不变。此外，与使用海洛因和多药物相比，使用苯丙胺导致重度抑郁的可能性分别高出 2.16 倍和 3.35 倍。物质使用的初始年龄与 BPAQ、SAS 和 SDS 评分呈负相关，而药物使用时间和成瘾时间与这些评分呈正相关。
在这项研究中，我们发现使用苯丙胺的参与者中重度抑郁的患病率最高，使用苯丙胺、敌意和焦虑是发生重度抑郁的危险因素。该结果填补了我们对不同类型吸毒者抑郁、焦虑、冲动和攻击行为特征认识的空白，为临床医生和决策者提供了干预和预防复发的方向。
