Burlingham Charlie S, Mirbagheri Saghar, Heeger David J
Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Sci Adv. 2022 Apr 22;8(16):eabi9979. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abi9979. Epub 2022 Apr 20.
The pupil dilates and reconstricts following task events. It is popular to model this task-evoked pupil response as a linear transformation of event-locked impulses, whose amplitudes are used as estimates of arousal. We show that this model is incorrect and propose an alternative model based on the physiological finding that a common neural input drives saccades and pupil size. The estimates of arousal from our model agreed with key predictions: Arousal scaled with task difficulty and behavioral performance but was invariant to small differences in trial duration. Moreover, the model offers a unified explanation for a wide range of phenomena: entrainment of pupil size and saccades to task timing, modulation of pupil response amplitude and noise with task difficulty, reaction time-dependent modulation of pupil response timing and amplitude, a constrictory pupil response time-locked to saccades, and task-dependent distortion of this saccade-locked pupil response.
瞳孔会随着任务事件进行扩张和收缩。将这种任务诱发的瞳孔反应建模为事件锁定脉冲的线性变换很常见，其幅度被用作唤醒水平的估计值。我们表明该模型是不正确的，并基于一项生理学发现提出了一种替代模型，即共同的神经输入驱动扫视和瞳孔大小。我们模型的唤醒水平估计值与关键预测结果一致：唤醒水平随任务难度和行为表现而变化，但对于试验持续时间的微小差异保持不变。此外，该模型为广泛的现象提供了统一的解释：瞳孔大小和扫视与任务时间同步、瞳孔反应幅度和噪声随任务难度的调制、瞳孔反应时间和幅度随反应时间的调制、与扫视时间锁定的收缩性瞳孔反应，以及这种与扫视锁定的瞳孔反应的任务依赖性扭曲。
