头 1000 天内有效育儿的促成因素和障碍：对南非低收入社会经济社区父母和主要照顾者的探索性研究。
Enablers and barriers to effective parenting within the first 1000 days: an exploratory study of South African parents and primary caregivers in low socio-economic communities.
机构信息
Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies of Children, Families and Society, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2022 Apr 20;22(1):793. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13179-9.
BACKGROUND
The first 1000 days is the period between conception and a child's second birthday. Globally, research on parenting is in an advanced stage, but parenting research focusing specifically on parenting in this developmental phase is limited in South Africa. Therefore, this study explores the enablers and barriers to effective parenting within the first 1000 days through the lens of parents and caregivers in low socio-economic communities.
METHODS
This study was conducted in communities in South Africa considered low socio-economic communities in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. An exploratory qualitative research design explored the enablers and barriers to effective parenting within the first 1000 days of life. Thirty participants were purposively selected and interviewed in this study. A semi-structured interview schedule was used for all interviews. The data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.
RESULTS
Two main categories emerged (effective parenting enablers and effective parenting barriers) during the data analysis. The main enablers of effective parenting within the first 1000 days of life include a support system, healthy behaviours/environment, unemployment/job opportunities, religion, information/knowledge, and professional assistance. On the other hand, the main barriers to effective parenting were low socio-economic circumstances, environmental circumstances, lack of partner's support, the negative impact of technology, and lack of access to services.
CONCLUSION
Enablers that need to be promoted for effective parenting range from support systems to professional assistance for parents. Also, barriers that need to be removed for effective parenting range from low socio-economic circumstances to a lack of partner's support for parents. This is because effective parenting is vital in improving developmental outcomes for children within the first 1000 days of life. Therefore, there is a need to develop policies and interventions to promote effective parenting within the first 1000 days in the communities.
背景
生命的头 1000 天是指从受孕到孩子两岁生日的这段时间。在全球范围内，育儿研究已经处于先进阶段，但专门针对这一发展阶段育儿的研究在南非却很有限。因此，本研究通过低社会经济社区的父母和照顾者的视角，探讨生命头 1000 天内有效育儿的促进因素和障碍因素。
方法
本研究在南非西开普省被认为是低社会经济社区的社区中进行。一项探索性定性研究设计旨在探讨生命头 1000 天内有效育儿的促进因素和障碍因素。在这项研究中，有 30 名参与者被有目的地选中并接受了采访。所有访谈均使用半结构式访谈大纲进行。使用归纳主题分析对数据进行分析。
结果
在数据分析过程中出现了两个主要类别（有效育儿的促进因素和有效育儿的障碍因素）。生命头 1000 天内有效育儿的主要促进因素包括支持系统、健康行为/环境、失业/工作机会、宗教、信息/知识和专业援助。另一方面，有效育儿的主要障碍因素包括低社会经济环境、环境状况、缺乏伴侣的支持、技术的负面影响以及缺乏服务机会。
结论
需要促进的有效育儿促进因素从支持系统到父母的专业援助不等。同样，需要消除的有效育儿障碍因素从低社会经济环境到父母缺乏伴侣的支持不等。因为有效育儿对于改善生命头 1000 天内儿童的发展结果至关重要。因此，需要在社区中制定政策和干预措施，以促进生命头 1000 天内的有效育儿。
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