School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, No. 1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2022 Apr 20;20(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s12955-022-01968-0.
Lifestyles, accounting for 53% in determining death, play a vital role in improving the health of older adults. Thus, this study aimed to explore the influencing factors of the health-promoting-lifestyles and interaction mechanisms among older adults.
A total of 8526 elders were selected by a three-stage stratified random cluster sampling method. Socioeconomic status, family relationships, social support, health-related quality of life (QOL), and health-promoting-lifestyles (HPLP) of older adults were assessed with the Social Support Rating Scale, the short form 36 health survey (SF-36) and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile. A structural equation model (SEM) was conducted to test the direct and indirect association between influencing factors with HPLP.
In this study, there were 4901 older adults who were empty nesters, and 3625 were non-empty nesters. Of all respondents, the average QOL score of older adults was 62.28 ± 16.51, average social support score was 78.06 ± 7.50. The HPLP score of older adults was 105.9 ± 19.6, and the average score of subscales was 2.5 ± 0.5, which was at the medium level. Social support had a positive and direct effect on HPLP of older adults (total effect, 0.34). Meanwhile, social support mediated the relationship between socioeconomic (total effect, 0.17), QOL (total effect, 0.33) and HPLP. Family relationships had a small indirect effect on HPLP via social support (0.01).
Social support is the strongest influencing factor in the health-promoting-lifestyles among older adults, followed by socioeconomic, health-related quality of life and family support. Thus, maintaining higher social support was important to improve the HPLP of older adults.
生活方式对老年人的健康起着至关重要的作用，占死亡原因的 53%。因此，本研究旨在探讨影响老年人健康促进生活方式的因素及其相互作用机制。
采用三阶段分层随机聚类抽样方法，选取 8526 名老年人。采用社会支持评定量表、简易 36 健康调查量表（SF-36）和健康促进生活方式量表评估老年人的社会经济地位、家庭关系、社会支持、健康相关生活质量（QOL）和健康促进生活方式（HPLP）。采用结构方程模型（SEM）检验影响因素与 HPLP 的直接和间接关联。
本研究中，4901 名老年人为空巢老人，3625 名老年人非空巢老人。所有受访者中，老年人 QOL 平均得分 62.28±16.51，社会支持平均得分 78.06±7.50。老年人 HPLP 平均得分 105.9±19.6，各维度平均分 2.5±0.5，处于中等水平。社会支持对老年人 HPLP 具有正向直接效应（总效应 0.34）。同时，社会支持中介了社会经济地位（总效应 0.17）、QOL（总效应 0.33）与 HPLP 之间的关系。家庭关系通过社会支持对 HPLP 具有较小的间接效应（0.01）。
社会支持是影响老年人健康促进生活方式的最强因素，其次是社会经济地位、健康相关生活质量和家庭支持。因此，保持较高的社会支持对于提高老年人的 HPLP 非常重要。
