Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea.
Mol Cells. 2022 May 31;45(5):273-283. doi: 10.14348/molcells.2022.2054.
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes (homologs) pair and undergo genetic recombination via assembly and disassembly of the synaptonemal complex. Meiotic recombination is initiated by excess formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), among which a subset are repaired by reciprocal genetic exchange, called crossovers (COs). COs generate genetic variations across generations, profoundly affecting genetic diversity and breeding. At least one CO between homologs is essential for the first meiotic chromosome segregation, but generally only one and fewer than three inter-homolog COs occur in plants. CO frequency and distribution are biased along chromosomes, suppressed in centromeres, and controlled by pro-CO, anti-CO, and epigenetic factors. Accurate and high-throughput detection of COs is important for our understanding of CO formation and chromosome behavior. Here, we review advanced approaches that enable precise measurement of the location, frequency, and genomic landscapes of COs in plants, with a focus on .
在减数分裂过程中，同源染色体（homologs）通过联会复合体的组装和拆卸进行配对和遗传重组。减数分裂重组是由 DNA 双链断裂（DSBs）的过量形成引发的，其中一部分通过称为交叉（COs）的相互遗传交换进行修复。COs 产生跨代遗传变异，深刻影响遗传多样性和育种。至少在一对同源染色体之间形成一个 CO 对于第一次减数分裂染色体分离是必要的，但通常在植物中只发生一个或少于三个同源 CO。CO 的频率和分布沿染色体偏向，在着丝粒处受到抑制，并受前 CO、反 CO 和表观遗传因子的控制。准确和高通量地检测 CO 对于我们理解 CO 的形成和染色体行为非常重要。在这里，我们综述了先进的方法，这些方法可以精确测量植物中 CO 的位置、频率和基因组景观，重点介绍了
