Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembanga, Malaysia.
Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Physical Educations, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan, China.
Front Public Health. 2022 Apr 4;10:840490. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.840490. eCollection 2022.
Resistance training has been widely used in various sports and improves competition performance, especially in swimming. Swimming performance is highly dependent on muscle strength, especially short distances. For adolescent athletes, the existing literature has bound to prove that resistance training is undoubtedly bound to improve swimmers' performance.
This study adopts a systematic literature review to (1) examine the effects of resistance training on the performance of adolescent swimmers, and (2) summarize their training methods and intensity.
The literature search was undertaken in five international databases: the SCOUPS, PubMed, EBSCOhost (SPORTDiscus), CNKL, Web of Science. The searches covered documents in English and Chinese published until 30th December 2020. Electronic databases using various keywords related to "strength training" and "adolescent swimmers" were searched. Sixteen studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria where the data was then systematically reviewed using the PRISMA guideline. Furthermore, the physical therapy evidence database (PEDro) scale was used to measure each study's scientific rigor.
This review found that to improve the swimming performance of adolescents, two types of resistance training were used, specifically in water and on land, where both types of training can improve swimming performance. In addition, training with two types of resistance machines were better in the water than with one equipment. Resistance training can improve the swimming performance of adolescent swimmers at 50 m, 100 m, 200 m and 400 m distances. However, most studies only focused on the swimming performance at 50 m and 100 m lengths. A low-intensity, high-speed resistance training programme is recommended for adolescent swimmers to obtain the best training results.
Water or land resistance training can improve the swimming performance. Given that both types of exercises have their strengths and weaknesses, combining these methods may enhance the swimmers' performance. In addition, despite the starting and turning phases consuming up to one-third of the total swimming time for short distances, literature in this area is limited.
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier: CRD42021231510.
抗阻训练已广泛应用于各类运动中，并能提高运动表现，特别是在游泳项目中。游泳表现高度依赖肌肉力量，尤其是短距离项目。对于青少年运动员来说，现有文献已经充分证明，抗阻训练无疑可以提高游泳运动员的表现。
本研究采用系统文献回顾，（1）研究抗阻训练对青少年游泳运动员表现的影响，（2）总结他们的训练方法和强度。
在五个国际数据库中进行文献检索：SCOUPS、PubMed、EBSCOhost（SPORTDiscus）、CNKL、Web of Science。检索涵盖了截至 2020 年 12 月 30 日以英文和中文发表的文献。使用与“力量训练”和“青少年游泳运动员”相关的各种关键词搜索电子数据库。纳入和排除标准后，有 16 项研究符合标准，然后使用 PRISMA 指南对这些数据进行系统综述。此外，还使用物理治疗证据数据库（PEDro）量表来衡量每项研究的科学严谨性。
本综述发现，为了提高青少年的游泳表现，可以采用两种抗阻训练方式，即水中和陆地，这两种训练方式都可以提高游泳表现。此外，两种阻力设备的训练效果优于一种设备。抗阻训练可以提高青少年游泳运动员在 50 米、100 米、200 米和 400 米距离的游泳表现。然而，大多数研究仅关注 50 米和 100 米的游泳表现。建议青少年游泳运动员采用低强度、高速的抗阻训练方案，以获得最佳训练效果。
水或陆地抗阻训练可以提高游泳表现。鉴于这两种运动方式各有优缺点，结合使用可能会提高运动员的表现。此外，尽管短距离项目的出发和转身阶段消耗了总游泳时间的三分之一，但这方面的文献很有限。
