González Ravé José María, Legaz-Arrese Alejandro, González-Mohíno Fernando, Yustres Inmaculada, Barragán Rubén, Fernández Francisco de Asís, Juárez Daniel, Arroyo-Toledo Juan Jaime
Sport Training Lab, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
Section of Physical Education and Sports, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
J Hum Kinet. 2018 Oct 15;64:195-204. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0194. eCollection 2018 Sep.
This study used a power rack device to evaluate the effects of 2 different approaches to resisted swim training loads on swimming strength and performance. Sixteen male, youth national-level swimmers (mean age, 16.22 ± 2.63 years; body height, 169 ± 10.20 cm; body mass, 61.33 ± 9.90 kg) completed a 6-week specific strength-training program, and were then randomly assigned to one of the two groups: a standard training group (GS, n = 8) and a flat pyramid-loading pattern group (GP, n = 8). Strength and power tests along with specific swimming tests (50-m crawl and 50-m competition-style time trials) were conducted at baseline (pre-test), before the third week (mid-test), and after 6 weeks of intervention (post-test). Isokinetic swim bench tests were conducted to obtain measurements of force production and power, and 1RM tests with the power rack system were conducted to measure the maximum drag load (MDL) and specific swimming power. Following 6 weeks of intervention, the mean MDL increased (p < 0.05) by 13.94%. Scores for the 50-m competition style and 50-m crawl time trials improved by 0.32% and 0.78%, respectively, in the GP; however, those changes were not statistically significant. The GS significantly increased their time in the 50-m competition style by 2.59%, and their isokinetic force production decreased by 14.47% (p < 0.05). The 6-week strength-training program performed with the power rack device in a pyramidal organization was more effective than a standard linear load organization in terms of producing improvements in the MDL; however, it did not produce significant improvements in performance. The use of a strength-training program with a pyramidal organization can be recommended for specific strength-training in young swimmers during a preparatory period. However, in our study, that program did not produce significant changes in 50-m crawl and main competition style performance.
本研究使用力量训练架装置来评估两种不同的抗阻游泳训练负荷方式对游泳力量和成绩的影响。16名男性青年国家级游泳运动员（平均年龄16.22±2.63岁；身高169±10.20厘米；体重61.33±9.90千克）完成了为期6周的专项力量训练计划，然后被随机分为两组：标准训练组（GS，n = 8）和平坦金字塔负荷模式组（GP，n = 8）。在基线（预测试）、第三周前（中期测试）和干预6周后（后测试）进行了力量和功率测试以及特定游泳测试（50米自由泳和50米比赛式计时赛）。进行等速游泳长凳测试以获取力量产生和功率的测量值，并使用力量训练架系统进行1RM测试以测量最大阻力负荷（MDL）和特定游泳功率。经过6周的干预，平均MDL增加了13.94%（p < 0.05）。在GP组中，50米比赛式和50米自由泳计时赛的成绩分别提高了0.32%和0.78%；然而，这些变化无统计学意义。GS组在50米比赛式中的用时显著增加了2.59%，其等速力量产生下降了14.47%（p < 0.05）。在产生MDL改善方面，采用金字塔结构的力量训练架装置进行的6周力量训练计划比标准线性负荷结构更有效；然而，它并未在成绩上产生显著改善。对于年轻游泳运动员在准备期的特定力量训练，可推荐使用金字塔结构的力量训练计划。然而，在我们的研究中，该计划在50米自由泳和主要比赛式成绩方面未产生显著变化。
