Fridén Michael, Kullberg Joel, Ahlström Håkan, Lind Lars, Rosqvist Fredrik
Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Front Nutr. 2022 Apr 4;9:774718. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.774718. eCollection 2022.
The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between intake of ultra-processed food (UPF) and liver fat, pancreas fat and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) but also subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), VAT/SAT ratio and total fat mass.
Cross-sectional analysis of = 286 50-year old men and women. Energy percentage (%E) from UPF was calculated from a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Food items were categorized according to the NOVA-classification system and fat depots were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Associations were analyzed using linear regression, adjusted for sex, education, physical activity, smoking, dietary factors and BMI.
Mean intake of UPF was 37.8 ± 10.2 %E and the three largest contributors to this were crisp- and wholegrain breads and spreads, indicating overall healthy food choices. Consumption of UPF was associated with higher intake of energy, carbohydrates and fiber and lower intake of protein and polyunsaturated fat but no differences were observed for total fat, saturated fat (SFA), monounsaturated fat, sugar or alcohol between tertiles of UPF. Intake of UPF was positively associated with liver- and pancreas fat, VAT, VAT/SAT and inversely associated with total fat mass in crude models. The association for VAT remained after full adjustment (β = 0.01 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.02), = 0.02) and was driven by women.
Energy intake from UPF is not associated with ectopic fat, SAT or total fat after adjustment for multiple confounders in this population having overall healthy food habits. However, a positive association between UPF and VAT was observed which was driven by women.
本研究旨在调查超加工食品（UPF）摄入量与肝脏脂肪、胰腺脂肪、内脏脂肪组织（VAT）以及皮下脂肪组织（SAT）、VAT/SAT比值和总脂肪量之间的关联。
对286名50岁的男性和女性进行横断面分析。通过半定量食物频率问卷计算来自UPF的能量百分比（%E）。根据NOVA分类系统对食物项目进行分类，并使用磁共振成像（MRI）和生物电阻抗分析（BIA）评估脂肪储存。使用线性回归分析关联，并对性别、教育程度、身体活动、吸烟、饮食因素和BMI进行调整。
UPF的平均摄入量为37.8±10.2%E，其中最大的三个贡献者是脆面包和全麦面包以及涂抹食品，表明总体上食物选择健康。UPF的消费与较高的能量、碳水化合物和纤维摄入量以及较低的蛋白质和多不饱和脂肪摄入量相关，但在UPF三分位数之间，总脂肪、饱和脂肪（SFA）、单不饱和脂肪、糖或酒精方面未观察到差异。在粗模型中，UPF的摄入量与肝脏和胰腺脂肪、VAT、VAT/SAT呈正相关，与总脂肪量呈负相关。在完全调整后，VAT的关联仍然存在（β = 0.01（95%CI：0.002，0.02），P = 0.02），且由女性驱动。
在这个饮食习惯总体健康的人群中，在对多个混杂因素进行调整后，来自UPF的能量摄入与异位脂肪、SAT或总脂肪无关。然而，观察到UPF与VAT之间存在正相关，且由女性驱动。
