From the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (Wang), and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada (Wang and Shen).
J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2022 May 1;30(9):400-408. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-21-00756.
Simulated surgery is part of a growing paradigm shift in surgical education as a whole. Various modalities from cadaver models to virtual reality have been developed and studied within the context of surgical education. Simulation training in spine surgery has an immense potential to improve education and ultimately improve patient safety. This is due to the inherent risk of operating the spine and the technical difficulty of modern techniques. Common procedures in the modern orthopaedic armamentarium, such as pedicle screw placement, can be simulated, and proficiency is rapidly achieved before application in patients. Furthermore, complications such as dural tears can be simulated and effectively managed in a safe environment with simulation. New techniques with steeper learning curves, such as minimally invasive techniques, can now be safely simulated. Hence, augmenting surgical education through simulation has great potential to benefit trainees and practicing orthopaedic surgeons in modern spine surgery techniques. Additional work will aim to improve access to such technologies and integrate them into the current orthopaedic training curriculum.
模拟手术是整个外科教育领域中日益增长的范式转变的一部分。在外科教育背景下，已经开发和研究了各种模式，从尸体模型到虚拟现实。脊柱外科模拟培训具有巨大的潜力，可以提高教育水平，并最终提高患者安全性。这是由于操作脊柱的固有风险和现代技术的技术难度所致。现代骨科武器库中的常见手术，如椎弓根螺钉放置，可以进行模拟，并且在应用于患者之前可以快速获得熟练程度。此外，模拟可以模拟诸如硬脑膜撕裂等并发症，并在安全的环境中进行有效管理。现在，具有陡峭学习曲线的新技术，如微创技术，可以安全地进行模拟。因此，通过模拟来增强外科教育具有很大的潜力，可以使学员和从事现代脊柱外科技术的骨科医生受益。更多的工作将旨在改善对这些技术的获取，并将其整合到当前的骨科培训课程中。
