Liu Zhao, Wang Fang, Dang Anrong
NSFC-DFG Sino-German Cooperation Group on Urbanization and Locality (UAL), Peking University, Beijing, China.
College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Big Data. 2022 Dec;10(6):528-546. doi: 10.1089/big.2021.0410. Epub 2022 Apr 20.
Under the requirements of new urbanization in China, the improvement of urban spatial vitality has become a key aspect of the territory development plan. Based on the theory of urban vitality by Jacobs, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of mobility, diversity, and regularity from urban vitality in 36 key Chinese cities from 1990 to 2015; the urban vitality was evaluated by considering the society, economy, environment, culture, and cyberspace and by exploring its driving factors. The results suggest that vitality was higher in the southern/eastern coastal cities than in the northern/western inland ones. Cities with the highest vitality levels (top 10) were mostly located in the Pearl and Yangtze River deltas, the Beijing-Tianjin region, and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Shenzhen demonstrated the highest vitality in the stage of extremely high coordination. Most of the cities with a middle level of vitality were located in northern China, while cities with poor vitality were small-scale cities with underdeveloped economies in the west and provincial capitals in northeastern China with a shrinking population. Areas with high-density facilities, high-accessibility transportation, multiple functional land use, and a high standard of living always have high vitality. The point of interest density had a significant positive effect on daytime vitality in regions with moderate and high vitality, but varying effects on nighttime vitality; it had a higher influence on nighttime vitality than on daytime vitality in areas of extremely high vitality. The study also provides corresponding measures for infrastructure, which could be invested in and constructed at different urban development stages to promote vitality. This could provide guidance for creating a booming space and revitalize and increase urban vitality, and could help reasonably regulate and control urban population and land use.
在中国新型城镇化的要求下，城市空间活力的提升已成为国土空间发展规划的关键方面。基于雅各布斯的城市活力理论，本研究分析了1990年至2015年中国36个重点城市城市活力中流动性、多样性和规律性的时空特征；通过综合考虑社会、经济、环境、文化和网络空间来评估城市活力，并探究其驱动因素。结果表明，南方/东部沿海城市的活力高于北方/西部内陆城市。活力水平最高的城市（前10名）大多位于珠江三角洲、长江三角洲、京津冀地区以及长江中游地区。深圳在极高协调阶段展现出最高活力。活力处于中等水平的城市大多位于中国北方，而活力较差的城市是西部经济欠发达的小城市以及东北地区人口萎缩的省会城市。设施密度高、交通可达性高、土地利用功能多样且生活水平高的地区活力始终较高。兴趣点密度对活力中等及较高地区的日间活力有显著正向影响，但对夜间活力的影响各异；在活力极高的地区，其对夜间活力的影响高于对日间活力的影响。该研究还针对基础设施提供了相应措施，可在不同城市发展阶段进行投资建设以提升活力。这可为打造繁荣空间、振兴并增强城市活力提供指导，并有助于合理调控城市人口和土地利用。
