He De-Chun, Li Fang-Hong, Wu Mian, Luo Hui-Li, Qiu Li-Qing, Ma Xiao-Rui, Lu Jia-Wei, Liu Wang-Rong, Ying Guang-Guo
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the PR China, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Jul 15;314:115069. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115069. Epub 2022 Apr 18.
Applying pesticides can result in emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but little is known about VOC emission characteristics and the quantities in particular regions. We investigated the use of pesticides in China based on a large-scale survey of 330 counties in 31 provinces and evaluated the national pesticide VOC emission potentials based on thermogravimetric analysis of 1930 commercial pesticides. The results showed that herbicides were the most extensively used pesticide category in China, accounting for 43.47%; emulsifiable concentrate (EC), suspension concentrate, and wettable powder were the dominant pesticide formulations, with proportions of 26.75%, 17.68%, and 17.31%, respectively. The VOC emission potential coefficient (EP) of the liquid formulations was higher than the solid formulations, and the maximum mean EP was 45.59% for EC and the minimum was 0.76% for WP. Among 437 high-VOC pesticide products used in China, EC accounted for 83.52%, and 16.93% of those contained abamectin. The total VOC emissions derived from commercial pesticides in China were 280 kt (kilotons) in 2018, and 65.35% of the contribution was derived from EC. Shandong, Hunan, and Henan were the three provinces with the highest pesticide VOC emissions (>21 kt/y). The emission rate of VOCs from pesticides was 24.80 t/d in China, which was higher than in San Joaquin Valley, California. These findings suggest that some comprehensive measures (e.g., perfecting pesticide management policy, strict supervision for pesticide production and use, and strengthening pesticide reduction publicity) should be taken to reduce VOC emissions from pesticide applications.
施用农药会导致挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）排放，但对于VOCs排放特征以及特定区域的排放量知之甚少。我们基于对中国31个省份330个县的大规模调查，研究了中国农药的使用情况，并基于对1930种商用农药的热重分析评估了全国农药VOC排放潜力。结果表明，除草剂是中国使用最广泛的农药类别，占43.47%；乳油（EC）、悬浮剂和可湿性粉剂是主要的农药剂型，比例分别为26.75%、17.68%和17.31%。液体制剂的VOC排放潜力系数（EP）高于固体制剂，EC的最大平均EP为45.59%，WP的最小为0.76%。在中国使用的437种高VOC农药产品中，EC占83.52%，其中16.93%含有阿维菌素。2018年中国商用农药产生的VOC排放总量为280千吨（kt），其中65.35%来自EC。山东、湖南和河南是农药VOC排放量最高的三个省份（>21 kt/年）。中国农药的VOC排放速率为24.80吨/天，高于美国加利福尼亚州的圣华金河谷。这些研究结果表明，应采取一些综合措施（如完善农药管理政策、严格监管农药生产和使用、加强农药减量宣传）来减少农药施用产生的VOC排放。
