García-Padilla Carlos, Muñoz-Gallardo María Del Mar, Lozano-Velasco Estefanía, Castillo-Casas Juan Manuel, Caño-Carrillo Sheila, García-López Virginio, Aránega Amelia, Franco Diego, García-Martínez Virginio, López-Sánchez Carmen
Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain.
Noncoding RNA. 2022 Apr 13;8(2):28. doi: 10.3390/ncrna8020028.
The importance of the cytoskeleton not only in cell architecture but also as a pivotal element in the transduction of signals that mediate multiple biological processes has recently been highlighted. Broadly, the cytoskeleton consists of three types of structural proteins: (1) actin filaments, involved in establishing and maintaining cell shape and movement; (2) microtubules, necessary to support the different organelles and distribution of chromosomes during cell cycle; and (3) intermediate filaments, which have a mainly structural function showing specificity for the cell type where they are expressed. Interaction between these protein structures is essential for the cytoskeletal mesh to be functional. Furthermore, the cytoskeleton is subject to intense spatio-temporal regulation mediated by the assembly and disassembly of its components. Loss of cytoskeleton homeostasis and integrity of cell focal adhesion are hallmarks of several cancer types. Recently, many reports have pointed out that lncRNAs could be critical mediators in cellular homeostasis controlling dynamic structure and stability of the network formed by cytoskeletal structures, specifically in different types of carcinomas. In this review, we summarize current information available about the roles of lncRNAs as modulators of actin dependent cytoskeleton and their impact on cancer pathogenesis. Finally, we explore other examples of cytoskeletal lncRNAs currently unrelated to tumorigenesis, to illustrate knowledge about them.
细胞骨架的重要性不仅体现在细胞结构方面，还在于它作为介导多种生物学过程的信号转导中的关键要素，这一点最近已得到强调。广义而言，细胞骨架由三种类型的结构蛋白组成：（1）肌动蛋白丝，参与建立和维持细胞形状及运动；（2）微管，在细胞周期中支持不同细胞器及染色体分布所必需；（3）中间丝，主要具有结构功能，对其表达所在的细胞类型具有特异性。这些蛋白质结构之间的相互作用对于细胞骨架网络发挥功能至关重要。此外，细胞骨架受到由其组分的组装和拆卸介导的强烈时空调节。细胞骨架稳态的丧失和细胞粘着斑的完整性是几种癌症类型的标志。最近，许多报告指出，lncRNAs可能是细胞内稳态的关键调节因子，控制由细胞骨架结构形成的网络的动态结构和稳定性，特别是在不同类型的癌症中。在本综述中，我们总结了关于lncRNAs作为肌动蛋白依赖性细胞骨架调节剂的作用及其对癌症发病机制影响的现有信息。最后，我们探讨了目前与肿瘤发生无关的细胞骨架lncRNAs的其他例子，以阐明关于它们的知识。
