Martínez-Ríos María, Lapesa-Lázaro Sara, Larumbe-Arricibita Jokin, Alonso-Gutiérrez Fernando, Galindo-Parrila Francisco Javier, Martín-Torrijos Laura, Diéguez-Uribeondo Javier
Departamento de Micología, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain.
Servicio Provincial de Teruel, Departamento de Desarrollo Rural y Sostenibilidad, Calle San Francisco 21, 44001 Teruel, Spain.
J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Mar 25;8(4):342. doi: 10.3390/jof8040342.
Crayfish plague, caused by the oomycete pathogen , is one of the most devastating of the emerging infectious diseases. This disease is responsible for the decline of native European and Asian freshwater crayfish populations. Over the last few decades, some European crayfish populations were reported to display partial to total resistance to the disease. The immune response in these cases was similar to that exhibited by the natural carriers of the pathogen, North American freshwater crayfish, e.g., weak-to-strong melanization of colonizing hyphae. We tested the degree of resistance displayed by 29 native Iberian populations of that were challenged by zoospores of the pathogen. We measured the following parameters: (i) mean survival time, (ii) cumulative mortality, and (iii) immune response, and found that the total cumulative mortality of all the challenged populations was 100%. The integration of the results from these parameters did not allow us to find differences in resistance towards among the northern and central populations of the Iberian Peninsula. However, in the southern populations, we could identify four distinct population responses based on an evaluation of a GLM analysis. In the first case, the similar response could be explained by the effect of a pathogen strain with a lower-than-expected virulence, and/or an actual increase in resistance. In the Southern populations, these differences appear to be the consequence of either whole population or individual resistance. Individuals that survived for a longer period than the others showed a stronger immune response, i.e., presence of partially or fully melanized hyphae, which is similar to that of North American crayfish species. This might be the consequence of different mechanisms of resistance or/and tolerance towards .
由卵菌病原体引起的小龙虾瘟疫是新出现的传染病中最具毁灭性的疾病之一。这种疾病导致了欧洲和亚洲本土淡水小龙虾种群数量的减少。在过去几十年里，有报道称一些欧洲小龙虾种群对该疾病表现出部分或完全抗性。在这些情况下，免疫反应与病原体的天然携带者北美淡水小龙虾所表现出的免疫反应相似，例如，定殖菌丝出现从弱到强的黑化现象。我们测试了29个伊比利亚本土种群在受到该病原体游动孢子攻击时所表现出的抗性程度。我们测量了以下参数：（i）平均存活时间，（ii）累积死亡率，以及（iii）免疫反应，结果发现所有受攻击种群的总累积死亡率为100%。综合这些参数的结果，我们无法在伊比利亚半岛北部和中部种群之间找到对该病原体抗性的差异。然而，在南部种群中，基于广义线性模型（GLM）分析的评估，我们可以识别出四种不同的种群反应。在第一种情况下，相似的反应可能是由一种毒力低于预期的病原体菌株的影响和/或实际抗性增加所导致的。在南部种群中，这些差异似乎是整个种群或个体抗性的结果。存活时间比其他个体更长的个体表现出更强的免疫反应，即存在部分或完全黑化的菌丝，这与北美小龙虾物种的情况相似。这可能是对该病原体不同抗性或/和耐受性机制的结果。
