Hegyi Ádám István, Otto Margot, Geml József, Hegyi-Kaló Júlia, Kun József, Gyenesei Attila, Pierneef Rian, Váczy Kálmán Zoltán
Food and Wine Research Institute, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, H-3300 Eger, Hungary.
ELKH-EKKE Lendület Environmental Microbiome Research Group, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, H-3300 Eger, Hungary.
J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Apr 8;8(4):378. doi: 10.3390/jof8040378.
, can lead to the formation of noble rot (NR) of grape berries under certain environmental conditions, resulting in favored metabolic and physical changes necessary for producing highly regarded botrytized wines. The functional genes involved in the textural and biochemical processes are still poorly characterized. We generated and analyzed metatranscriptomic data from healthy (H) berries and from berries representing the four stages of NR from the Tokaj wine region in Hungary over three months. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to link functional genes to grape berry physical parameters berry hardness (BH), berry skin break force (F_sk), berry skin elasticity (E_sk), and the skin break energy (W_sk). Clustered modules showed that genes involved in carbohydrate and protein metabolism were significantly enriched in NR, highlighting their importance in the grape berry structural integrity. Carbohydrate active enzymes were particularly up-regulated at the onset of NR (during the transition from phase I to II) suggesting that the major structural changes occur early in the NR process. In addition, we identified genes expressed throughout the NR process belonging to enriched pathways that allow to dominate and proliferate during this state, including sulphate metabolizing genes and genes involved in the synthesis of antimicrobials.
在某些环境条件下，可导致葡萄浆果形成贵腐菌（NR），从而引发有利于生产备受推崇的贵腐葡萄酒所需的代谢和物理变化。参与质地和生化过程的功能基因仍未得到充分表征。我们生成并分析了来自匈牙利托卡伊葡萄酒产区健康（H）浆果以及代表NR四个阶段的浆果在三个月内的宏转录组数据。进行了加权基因共表达网络分析（WGCNA），以将功能基因与葡萄浆果的物理参数浆果硬度（BH）、浆果表皮破裂力（F_sk）、浆果表皮弹性（E_sk）和表皮破裂能量（W_sk）联系起来。聚类模块显示，参与碳水化合物和蛋白质代谢的基因在NR中显著富集，突出了它们在葡萄浆果结构完整性中的重要性。碳水化合物活性酶在NR开始时（从第一阶段过渡到第二阶段期间）尤其上调，这表明主要的结构变化发生在NR过程的早期。此外，我们鉴定出在整个NR过程中表达的基因，这些基因属于在这种状态下允许占主导地位和增殖的富集途径，包括硫酸盐代谢基因和参与抗菌剂合成的基因。
