Department of Botany and Mycology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
Department of Industrial Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2018 Apr 3;8(1):5523. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23678-8.
The study of organic/inorganic molecules with activity against intracellular fungi of the phylum Microsporidia is of critical importance. Here, for the first time, the inactivation of these parasitic fungi by porphyrins is reported. The biological effects of porphyrins (10 µM and 100 µM) on the microsporidian Nosema ceranae was investigated in honeybee hosts using cage experiments. A significant reduction in the number of spores (from 2.6 to 5 fold) was observed in Nosema-infected honeybees with a sucrose-protoporphyrin amide [PP(Asp)] syrup diet compared to the control honeybees. PP(Asp) and the other porphyrin examined in vitro, TMePyP, had a direct impact on the microsporidia. Notably, neither porphyrin requires light excitation to be active against microsporidia. Moreover, microsporidia preincubated with these porphyrins exhibited decreased ability to infect honeybees. In particular, PP(Asp), possessing amphiphilic characteristics, exhibited significant inactivation of microsporidia, preventing the development of the microsporidia and diminishing the mortality of infected honeybees. In addition, the porphyrin-treated spores examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed morphological changes in their exosporium layers, which were distinctly deformed. Thus, we postulate that the mechanism of action of porphyrins on microsporidia is not based on photodynamic inactivation but on the destruction of the cell walls of the spores.
研究具有抗微孢子虫门（Phylum Microsporidia）细胞内真菌活性的有机/无机分子至关重要。在这里，首次报道了卟啉类化合物对这些寄生性真菌的失活作用。采用笼式实验，研究了卟啉类化合物（10 μM 和 100 μM）对蜜蜂宿主中微孢子虫 Nosema ceranae 的生物学效应。与对照蜜蜂相比，用蔗糖原卟啉酰胺[PP（Asp）]糖浆饲养的感染 Nosema 的蜜蜂中，孢子数量显著减少（减少 2.6 至 5 倍）。PP（Asp）和体外研究的另一种卟啉 TMePyP 对微孢子虫有直接影响。值得注意的是，这两种卟啉都不需要光激发就能对微孢子虫发挥作用。此外，用这些卟啉预孵育的微孢子虫表现出感染蜜蜂的能力降低。特别是，具有两亲性特征的 PP（Asp）对微孢子虫表现出显著的失活作用，阻止了微孢子虫的发育并降低了感染蜜蜂的死亡率。此外，用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）检查的经卟啉处理的孢子显示其外壁层的形态发生变化，明显变形。因此，我们推测卟啉对微孢子虫的作用机制不是基于光动力失活，而是基于孢子细胞壁的破坏。
