Elečko Ján, Vilková Mária, Frenák Richard, Routray Deepti, Ručová Dajana, Bačkor Martin, Goga Michal
NMR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia.
Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67 Košice, Slovakia.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Apr 15;11(8):1077. doi: 10.3390/plants11081077.
Free radicals play a critical role in the chemical processes that occur in all cells. Pharmaceutical companies manufacture a variety of synthetically prepared antioxidants, but it is known that many of these can be carcinogenic. As a result, efforts are being made to find natural antioxidants that do not have these side effects. Lichens may be suitable candidates because they contain secondary metabolites with proven antioxidant properties. This could be explained by the presence of compounds with phenolic groups in lichens. The radical scavenging reaction is a chemical reaction governed by stoichiometry, and our aim is to determine the efficacy of these reactions. The aim of this study is to compare metabolite activity based on the same amount of substance involved in radical scavenging, calculated in micromoles rather than weight concentration. This provides an accurate way of comparing radical scavenging activity. We tested superoxide anion scavenging activity and free radical scavenging activity of isolated lichen secondary metabolites and their mixtures in different ratios. The following compounds were isolated and tested for antioxidant activity: gyrophoric acid (), evernic acid (), physodic acid, 3-hydroxyphysodic acid, physodalic acid and atranorin (), and usnic acid (as a synthetic compound). Of all the tested compounds, 3-hydroxyphysodic acid, as well as mixtures containing this metabolite, showed the strongest scavenging activity. The results also demonstrated that calculation by amount of substance leads to a new consideration of antioxidant activity.
自由基在所有细胞中发生的化学过程中起着关键作用。制药公司生产各种合成制备的抗氧化剂，但众所周知，其中许多可能具有致癌性。因此，人们正在努力寻找没有这些副作用的天然抗氧化剂。地衣可能是合适的候选者，因为它们含有具有已证实抗氧化特性的次生代谢产物。这可以用地衣中存在含酚基团的化合物来解释。自由基清除反应是一种受化学计量学控制的化学反应，我们的目标是确定这些反应的功效。本研究的目的是基于参与自由基清除的相同物质量（以微摩尔而非重量浓度计算）来比较代谢物活性。这提供了一种比较自由基清除活性的准确方法。我们测试了分离的地衣次生代谢产物及其不同比例混合物的超氧阴离子清除活性和自由基清除活性。分离出以下化合物并测试其抗氧化活性：黑茶渍酸（）、扁枝衣酸（）、石耳酸、3-羟基石耳酸、石耳二酸和松萝酸（）以及松萝酸（作为合成化合物）。在所有测试的化合物中，3-羟基石耳酸以及含有这种代谢物的混合物表现出最强的清除活性。结果还表明，按物质量计算会导致对抗氧化活性的新思考。
