Jayashree G V, Rachitha P, Raghavendra Vinay B, Kandikattu Hemanth Kumar
Biochemistry and Nanoscience department, Defense Food Research Laboratory, Mysore 570011, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Teresian College, Mysore 570011, India.
Toxicol Rep. 2025 Jan 23;14:101886. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101886. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Patulin, a mycotoxin produced by fungal species, is found in fruits and their derivatives. Exposure to it can lead to cognitive deficits and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding its mechanisms is crucial for assessing risks in food, emphasizing the need for strict food safety regulations to protect public health. In this study SH-SY5Y, a human neuroblastoma cell line was challenged with the mycotoxin patulin. Patulin was treated to the cells for 24 h at 25-2000 nM, concentrations respectively. The results obtained demonstrate the cytotoxicity as assessed by the MTT and LDH leakage assays with an IC50 at a dose of 500 nM. The light microscope images showed a decreased in neurites size with increase in doses of patulin. The patulin treatment showed a decrease in antioxidant enzymes SOD and catalase levels and an increase in ROS and lipid peroxidation levels. Patulin treatment also showed a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial damage, with vacuolation of mitochondria visualized by transmission electron microscope. Patulin treatment also showed DNA damage observed by comet assay. The study demonstrates that patulin induces cellular damage, and induces oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial and DNA damage.
展青霉素是一种由真菌产生的霉菌毒素，存在于水果及其衍生物中。接触展青霉素会导致认知缺陷和神经退行性疾病。了解其作用机制对于评估食品风险至关重要，这凸显了制定严格食品安全法规以保护公众健康的必要性。在本研究中，人神经母细胞瘤细胞系SH-SY5Y受到霉菌毒素展青霉素的挑战。展青霉素分别以25 - 2000 nM的浓度处理细胞24小时。通过MTT和LDH泄漏试验评估得到的结果表明其具有细胞毒性，IC50剂量为500 nM。光学显微镜图像显示，随着展青霉素剂量的增加，神经突大小减小。展青霉素处理导致抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶水平降低，活性氧（ROS）和脂质过氧化水平升高。展青霉素处理还导致线粒体膜电位降低和线粒体损伤，透射电子显微镜观察到线粒体空泡化。展青霉素处理还通过彗星试验观察到DNA损伤。该研究表明，展青霉素会诱导细胞损伤，并引发氧化应激、细胞凋亡、线粒体和DNA损伤。
