Salaria Sonia, Boatwright Jon Lucas, Thavarajah Pushparajah, Kumar Shiv, Thavarajah Dil
Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States.
Biodiversity and Crop Improvement Program, International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat-Institute, Rabat, Morocco.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Apr 5;13:869713. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.869713. eCollection 2022.
Lentil ( Medik.) is a nutritionally dense crop with significant quantities of protein, low-digestible carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. The amino acid composition of lentil protein can impact human health by maintaining amino acid balance for physiological functions and preventing protein-energy malnutrition and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Thus, enhancing lentil protein quality through genetic biofortification, i.e., conventional plant breeding and molecular technologies, is vital for the nutritional improvement of lentil crops across the globe. This review highlights variation in protein concentration and quality across species, genetic mechanisms controlling amino acid synthesis in plants, functions of amino acids, and the effect of antinutrients on the absorption of amino acids into the human body. Successful breeding strategies in lentils and other pulses are reviewed to demonstrate robust breeding approaches for protein biofortification. Future lentil breeding approaches will include rapid germplasm selection, phenotypic evaluation, genome-wide association studies, genetic engineering, and genome editing to select sequences that improve protein concentration and quality.
小扁豆（Medik.）是一种营养丰富的作物，含有大量蛋白质、低消化性碳水化合物、矿物质和维生素。小扁豆蛋白质的氨基酸组成可通过维持生理功能的氨基酸平衡以及预防蛋白质 - 能量营养不良和非传染性疾病（NCDs）来影响人类健康。因此，通过基因生物强化，即传统植物育种和分子技术来提高小扁豆蛋白质质量，对于全球小扁豆作物的营养改善至关重要。本综述重点介绍了不同物种间蛋白质浓度和质量的差异、植物中控制氨基酸合成的遗传机制、氨基酸的功能以及抗营养物质对人体吸收氨基酸的影响。文中还综述了小扁豆和其他豆类成功的育种策略，以展示蛋白质生物强化的稳健育种方法。未来小扁豆的育种方法将包括快速种质选择、表型评估、全基因组关联研究、基因工程和基因组编辑，以选择提高蛋白质浓度和质量的序列。
