Adane Fentahun, Asres Kaleab, Ergete Wondwossen, Woldekidan Samuel, Seyoum Girma
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
J Toxicol. 2022 Apr 11;2022:4091839. doi: 10.1155/2022/4091839. eCollection 2022.
In Ethiopian traditional medicine, the aerial parts of are widely used to treat diseases such as gonorrhea, cough, liver disease, kidney disease, hypertension, stomach pain, and fungal skin infections. In addition, they have been used as vegetables to flavor a broad variety of food products. However, there is an insufficient investigation of the toxic effect of essential oil. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the developmental toxicity of the essential oil of leaves on developing rat embryos and fetuses.
Essential oil of the aerial parts of was extracted by hydrodistillation. Pregnant Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups. The doses 65 mg/kg, 130 mg/kg, and 260 mg/kg of the essential of were administered by force feeding to the III-V groups, respectively. Groups I and II were negative and control groups. The embryos and fetuses were revealed on days 12 and 20 of gestations, respectively. The embryos were examined for developmental delays or growth retardation. Gross external, skeletal, and visceral anomalies in the fetuses were examined.
In this study, the developmental scores of the number of implantation sites, crown-rump length, the number of somites, and morphological scores were significantly lower while the score of fetal resorptions was increased in a 12-day-old rat embryos treated with 260 mg/kg of the essential oil. There was also a significant delay in the development of the otic system, olfactory system, and a reduction in the number of branchial bars in 12-day-old embryos treated with 130 mg/kg and 260 mg/kg of the essential oil. However, external morphological examinations of rat fetuses revealed no detectable structural abnormalities. The fetal skull, vertebrae, hyoid, forelimb, and hindlimb ossification centers did not differ significantly across all the groups. Furthermore, there were no skeletal or soft-tissue malformations as a result of the essential oil treatment. Although the difference was not statistically significant, fetuses of the high-dose treatment group had a reduced number of ossification centers in the caudal vertebrae and hind limp phalanges.
The essential oil of at high doses has a detrimental effect on the development of rat embryos and fetuses. Its developmental toxicity is evidenced by significant delays in fetal and embryonic development, a decrease in the number of implantation sites, and an increase in fetal resorption. Furthermore, administration of the essential oil in higher doses resulted in a significant decrease in placenta weight and litter weight. In addition, the present study provided evidence that using the essential oil in a high dose could affect the developing embryo and fetus. Thus, it is recommended to discourage the use of essential oil in high doses.
在埃塞俄比亚传统医学中，[植物名称]的地上部分被广泛用于治疗诸如淋病、咳嗽、肝病、肾病、高血压、胃痛和真菌性皮肤感染等疾病。此外，它们还被用作蔬菜为各种食品增添风味。然而，对[植物名称]精油的毒性作用研究不足。因此，本研究的目的是评估[植物名称]叶精油对发育中的大鼠胚胎和胎儿的发育毒性。
通过水蒸馏法提取[植物名称]地上部分的精油。将怀孕的Wistar白化大鼠随机分为五组。分别对III - V组强制灌胃给予65mg/kg、130mg/kg和260mg/kg的[植物名称]精油。I组和II组为阴性对照组和溶剂对照组。分别在妊娠第12天和第20天观察胚胎和胎儿。检查胚胎是否有发育延迟或生长迟缓。检查胎儿的大体外观、骨骼和内脏异常情况。
在本研究中，用260mg/kg的[植物名称]精油处理的12日龄大鼠胚胎，其着床点数、顶臀长度、体节数的发育评分和形态学评分显著降低，而胎儿吸收评分增加。在用130mg/kg和260mg/kg精油处理的12日龄胚胎中，耳系统、嗅觉系统发育也有显著延迟，鳃弓数量减少。然而，大鼠胎儿的外部形态检查未发现可检测到的结构异常。所有组的胎儿颅骨、椎骨、舌骨、前肢和后肢骨化中心无显著差异。此外，精油处理未导致骨骼或软组织畸形。尽管差异无统计学意义，但高剂量处理组胎儿的尾椎和后肢趾骨骨化中心数量减少。
高剂量的[植物名称]精油对大鼠胚胎和胎儿的发育有有害影响。其发育毒性表现为胎儿和胚胎发育显著延迟、着床点数减少以及胎儿吸收增加。此外，高剂量给予精油导致胎盘重量和窝仔重量显著降低。此外，本研究提供的证据表明，高剂量使用[植物名称]精油会影响发育中的胚胎和胎儿。因此，建议避免高剂量使用[植物名称]精油。
