Wang Jianwu, Long Yuannan, Yu Guanlong, Wang Guoliang, Zhou Zhenyu, Li Peiyuan, Zhang Yameng, Yang Kai, Wang Shitao
School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China.
Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Apr 5;13:845725. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.845725. eCollection 2022.
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been proven as a reliable alternative to traditional wastewater treatment technologies. Microorganisms in CWs, as an important component, play a key role in processes such as pollutant degradation and nutrient transformation. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of the community structure and diversity of microorganisms, especially for functional microorganisms, in CWs is important to understand its performance patterns and explore optimized strategies. With advances in molecular biotechnology, it is now possible to analyze and study microbial communities and species composition in complex environments. This review performed bibliometric analysis of microbial studies in CWs to evaluate research trends and identify the most studied pollutants. On this basis, the main functional microorganisms of CWs involved in the removal of these pollutants are summarized, and the effects of these pollutants on microbial diversity are investigated. The result showed that the main phylum involved in functional microorganisms in CWs include , , and . These functional microorganisms can remove pollutants from CWs by catalyzing chemical reactions, biodegradation, biosorption, and supporting plant growth, etc. Regarding microbial alpha diversity, heavy metals and high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus significantly reduce microbial richness and diversity, whereas antibiotics can cause large fluctuations in alpha diversity. Overall, this review can provide new ideas and directions for the research of microorganisms in CWs.
人工湿地已被证明是传统污水处理技术的可靠替代方案。人工湿地中的微生物作为重要组成部分，在污染物降解和养分转化等过程中发挥着关键作用。因此，深入分析人工湿地中微生物的群落结构和多样性，特别是功能微生物，对于了解其性能模式和探索优化策略至关重要。随着分子生物技术的进步，现在能够分析和研究复杂环境中的微生物群落和物种组成。本综述对人工湿地微生物研究进行了文献计量分析，以评估研究趋势并确定研究最多的污染物。在此基础上，总结了人工湿地中参与去除这些污染物的主要功能微生物，并研究了这些污染物对微生物多样性的影响。结果表明，人工湿地功能微生物涉及的主要门类包括 、 、 和 。这些功能微生物可通过催化化学反应、生物降解、生物吸附以及支持植物生长等方式从人工湿地中去除污染物。关于微生物α多样性，重金属以及高浓度的氮和磷会显著降低微生物丰富度和多样性，而抗生素会导致α多样性出现大幅波动。总体而言，本综述可为人工湿地微生物研究提供新思路和方向。
