Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. OR-CID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3247-9023.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.
J Emerg Manag. 2022 Mar-Apr;20(2):175-196. doi: 10.5055/jem.0646.
Due to the frequent occurrence of disasters worldwide, an evacuation is no longer a rare event. Planning for evacuation is an essential step of emergency response management for several disasters. As the life of people is at stake, evacuation must be safe and quick. For this, it is important to know how the evacuation process will evolve and how it can be made efficient. Accordingly, this review article presents various evacuation strategies developed in the past to make the evacuation process efficient. The scope of this review is to cover the transportation planning aspect of evacuation, provide the steps needed to be considered by the decision-maker to model the evacuation process, and then develop strategies to make it efficient. Based on the review, a framework is presented to help decision-makers make effective decisions for a given scenario. Finally, this study also highlights the aspects of evacuation planning not addressed adequately in the literature and, hence, suitable for future work.
由于世界各地频繁发生灾害，疏散不再是罕见的事件。对于几种灾害而言，规划疏散是应急响应管理的重要步骤。由于人们的生命处于危险之中，疏散必须安全且迅速。为此，了解疏散过程将如何演变以及如何提高效率非常重要。因此，本文综述了过去开发的各种疏散策略，以提高疏散过程的效率。本文的综述范围涵盖疏散的交通规划方面，提供决策者建模疏散过程所需考虑的步骤，然后制定提高效率的策略。基于综述，提出了一个框架，以帮助决策者为给定场景做出有效决策。最后，本文还强调了疏散规划文献中未充分涉及的方面，因此适合未来的工作。
