Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Pathog Dis. 2022 Jun 22;80(1). doi: 10.1093/femspd/ftac012.
Invasive candidiasis is a serious, progressive, and potentially deadly infection that can affect the brain, heart, bones, eyes, and other parts of the body. It is associated with risk factors such as the use of indwelling medical devices, prolonged hospital stay, and broad-spectrum antibiotics use. It is especially seen in immunocompromised individuals such as patients with prolonged hospital stay, gastrointestinal surgery, haematological malignancies, and respiratory diseases. We have conducted a systematic search of literature using a select group of databases and appropriate search words and found that in Africa, there are 18 293 documented/reported cases of invasive candidiasis in the last few decades (1976-2021) and 16 636(91%) were cases of candidaemia. South Africa had the highest number of reported cases-15 002(82%), which may be due to underreporting of cases in other countries. HIV positive persons with invasive candidiasis in Africa accounted for 1 052(5.8%). Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species 6 328(32.6%), followed by Candida parapsilosis 5 910(30.4%), and Candida auris 1 505(7.8%). Due to the affordability and availability of blood culture, it was used for diagnosis in most of the studies examined, while a few studies combined other techniques and just three studies from two countries used serological tests. Echinocandins are recommended as first-line therapy but are only available in 12 countries and are highly priced. The use of fluconazole, because of its availability and relatively inexpensive nature, has led to increased resistance of Candida species to the drug.
侵袭性念珠菌病是一种严重的、进行性的、潜在致命的感染，可影响大脑、心脏、骨骼、眼睛和身体的其他部位。它与留置医疗设备使用、住院时间延长和广谱抗生素使用等危险因素有关。它尤其见于免疫功能低下的个体，如住院时间延长、胃肠道手术、血液恶性肿瘤和呼吸系统疾病患者。我们使用一组精选的数据库和适当的搜索词进行了系统的文献搜索，发现在过去几十年（1976-2021 年），非洲有 18293 例侵袭性念珠菌病的确诊/报告病例，其中 16636 例（91%）为念珠菌血症。南非报告的病例数最多，为 15002 例（82%），这可能是由于其他国家的病例报告不足。非洲感染侵袭性念珠菌病的艾滋病毒阳性者占 1052 例（5.8%）。在非洲，最常分离到的念珠菌物种是白色念珠菌 6328 例（32.6%），其次是近平滑念珠菌 5910 例（30.4%）和耳念珠菌 1505 例（7.8%）。由于血液培养的可负担性和可得性，它在大多数检查的研究中被用于诊断，而少数研究结合了其他技术，只有来自两个国家的三项研究使用了血清学检测。棘白菌素被推荐为一线治疗药物，但仅在 12 个国家有供应，且价格昂贵。氟康唑的可用性和相对低廉的价格导致了念珠菌对该药物的耐药性增加。
