Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Nutr Res. 2022 Jul;103:21-29. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.03.006. Epub 2022 Mar 25.
Legumes are a traditional healthy staple food in Latin America, with great potential for use in diet-related chronic disease prevention interventions. This study aimed to investigate attitudes about legume consumption and associations with dietary intake. Adult participants from the Puerto Rico Assessment of Diet, Lifestyle, and Diseases, who completed a validated food frequency questionnaire and a legumes questionnaire (n = 229) were included. A 25-item Likert scale was used to assess agreement with stated attitudes regarding legumes consumption. Exploratory factor analysis produced 3 factors: (1) taste and perceived benefits; (2) barriers and negative attitudes; and (3) social support and cultural beliefs. A combined attitudes scale was computed, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes toward legumes. Adjusted linear regression models examined associations between each factor and the combined scale with legumes intake, rice intake, and ratio of legumes to rice intake. Significant positive associations were observed for the taste and perceived benefits factor (β = 0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07-0.21) and the social support and cultural beliefs factor (β = 0.14; 95% CI, 0.07-0.22) with legume intake. The social support and cultural beliefs factor was also associated with a higher ratio of legumes to rice intake (β = 1.59; 95% CI, 0.04-3.14). A 3-unit increase in the combined attitudes scale (corresponding to 1 additional positive attitude) was associated with a 0.03 (95% CI, 0.01-0.05) higher servings/day legume intake. The barriers and negative attitudes factor was inversely associated with rice intake (β = -0.10; 95% CI, -0.02 to -0.17) and positively associated with ratio of legumes to rice intake (β = 1.55; 95% CI, 0.03-3.07). Nutritional programs to increase legume intake as a healthy staple food among Puerto Ricans and Hispanic/Latino populations should emphasize building positive attitudes, especially those related to taste, perceived benefits, social support, and cultural beliefs, while diminishing barriers and negative attitudes.
豆类是拉丁美洲的一种传统健康主食，在预防与饮食相关的慢性病方面具有巨大的应用潜力。本研究旨在调查人们对豆类消费的态度及其与饮食摄入的关联。研究纳入了参与波多黎各饮食、生活方式和疾病评估的成年人，他们完成了一份经过验证的食物频率问卷和一份豆类问卷（n=229）。使用 25 项李克特量表来评估对豆类消费的态度。通过探索性因子分析产生了 3 个因素：（1）口味和感知益处；（2）障碍和消极态度；以及（3）社会支持和文化信仰。计算了一个综合态度量表，得分越高表示对豆类的态度越积极。调整后的线性回归模型检验了每个因素与豆类摄入量、大米摄入量以及豆类与大米摄入量之比的综合量表之间的关联。结果显示，口味和感知益处因素（β=0.14；95%置信区间 [CI]，0.07-0.21）和社会支持和文化信仰因素（β=0.14；95%CI，0.07-0.22）与豆类摄入量呈显著正相关。社会支持和文化信仰因素也与豆类与大米摄入量之比较高相关（β=1.59；95%CI，0.04-3.14）。综合态度量表增加 3 个单位（相当于增加 1 个积极态度）与豆类摄入量增加 0.03（95%CI，0.01-0.05）个单位/天相关。障碍和消极态度因素与大米摄入量呈负相关（β=-0.10；95%CI，-0.02 至 -0.17），与豆类与大米摄入量之比呈正相关（β=1.55；95%CI，0.03-3.07）。为了增加豆类作为波多黎各和西班牙裔/拉丁裔人群健康主食的摄入量，营养项目应强调建立积极的态度，特别是与口味、感知益处、社会支持和文化信仰相关的态度，同时减少障碍和消极态度。
