Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems; University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
Nutrients. 2019 Jul 14;11(7):1598. doi: 10.3390/nu11071598.
There is scarce information regarding the dietary intake of adults living in Puerto Rico (PR). We aimed to assess intake of nutrients and foods, adherence to recommended intake of nutrients and diet quality, and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors correlated with diet quality among adults in the San Juan metropolitan area of PR. Data were obtained from participants of the cross-sectional convenience-sample Puerto Rico Assessment of Diet, Lifestyle, and Diseases ( = 248; ages 30-75 years). Diet quality was defined using the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI; range 0-110 indicating lower-higher quality). Linear regression models were used to relate AHEI to sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Most participants met the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for iron, folate, and vitamins B12 and B6; 61% met the EAR for magnesium and 56% for calcium. Only 4% met the EAR for vitamin D, and 7% met the adequate intake for potassium. The main contributors to total energy intake were sugary beverages (11.8%), sweets/desserts (10.2%), dairy (8.5%), mixed dishes (7.6%), starches (6.3%), fast foods (5.5%), and rice (4.9%). The mean (SD) AHEI score was 59.8 (11.0). The lowest AHEI components for which recommended servings were met were red/processed meats, fruit, sodium, sugary beverages, and polyunsaturated fats, and the highest were nuts/legumes, omega-3 fats, and whole grains. Significantly higher AHEI scores were noted for older adults, other ethnicities (vs. Puerto Rican), being single, having some college or higher education, and never/formerly smoking. Adults living in PR report healthy and unhealthy dietary intakes, providing an opportunity to improve diet at the population level.
关于波多黎各（PR）成年人的饮食摄入，相关信息匮乏。我们旨在评估圣胡安大都市区成年人的营养物质和食物摄入量、营养物质推荐摄入量的依从性以及饮食质量，并分析与饮食质量相关的社会人口学和生活方式因素。该研究数据来自波多黎各饮食、生活方式和疾病评估（ = 248；年龄 30-75 岁）的横断面便利样本参与者。采用替代健康饮食指数 2010（AHEI；范围 0-110，值越低表示饮食质量越高）来定义饮食质量。采用线性回归模型将 AHEI 与社会人口学和生活方式因素相关联。大多数参与者满足铁、叶酸、维生素 B12 和 B6 的估计平均需求量（EAR）；61%满足镁的 EAR，56%满足钙的 EAR。只有 4%满足维生素 D 的 EAR，7%满足钾的充足摄入量。总能量摄入的主要来源是含糖饮料（11.8%）、甜食/甜点（10.2%）、乳制品（8.5%）、混合菜肴（7.6%）、淀粉（6.3%）、快餐（5.5%）和大米（4.9%）。AHEI 的平均值（标准差）为 59.8（11.0）。达到推荐摄入量的最低 AHEI 成分是红色/加工肉类、水果、钠、含糖饮料和多不饱和脂肪，最高的是坚果/豆类、欧米伽-3 脂肪和全谷物。年龄较大、其他族裔（波多黎各人除外）、单身、接受过一些大学或更高教育、从不/以前吸烟的成年人的 AHEI 评分更高。生活在 PR 的成年人报告的饮食摄入既有健康的也有不健康的，这为改善人群的饮食提供了机会。
