Feng Yang, Chen Yaoyan, Liu Songrui, Hou Rong, Yan Xia, Geng Yi, Zhong Zhijun, Guo Hongrui, Ouyang Ping, Zhang Dongsheng, Su Xiaoyan
College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu 610081, China.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Apr 1;11(4):473. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11040473.
Klebsiella pneumoniae is not only a worldwide human pathogen, it also effects wildlife, such as the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), in which it has recently been evidenced to result in diarrhea, organ failure, and even death. A K. pneumoniae investigation was carried out at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding in 2018. As part of the investigation, the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing, multilocus-sequence typing (MLST), antibiotic resistance profiles (ARPs), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were studied based on all isolates. Fecal samples were collected from 72 A. melanoleuca from May to December 2018, and a total of 90 K. pneumoniae were isolated from 153 fecal samples. The genotyping results showed that the isolates had high diversity, of which 84 clusters were obtained by PFGE and 57 STs by MLST. The overall trend of the similarity of isolates was the first sample period > second sample period > third sample period, which showed the increasement of genome variability of K. pneumoniae. In addition, 90 isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin, rifampicin, and compound sulfamethoxazole. Of the obtained isolates, 50% carried 6~8 ARPs, and the carrying volume increased during three sample periods, in which we found two isolates carrying 12 and 13 ARPs during the third sample period, respectively. Moreover, a total of 65 ARGs were detected (90.28%, 65/72) in 90 K. pneumoniae samples. Almost all bacteria sampled contained 17 ARGs that belonged to the β-lactamase, Multidrug, MGEs, Aminoglycoside, and Tetracycline, which may be the basis of ARPs of K. pneumoniae. Moreover, the types of Multidrug and MGEs had a greater impact on antibiotic susceptivity of K. pneumoniae. Our results showed that K. pneumoniae has a serious risk of transmission in A. melanoleuca and K. pneumoniae had a high possibility of genome diversity and the risk of drugs tolerance under the large antibiotic usage.
肺炎克雷伯菌不仅是一种全球范围内的人类病原体，它还会影响野生动物，比如大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca），最近有证据表明它会导致大熊猫腹泻、器官衰竭甚至死亡。2018年在成都大熊猫繁育研究基地开展了一项肺炎克雷伯菌调查。作为调查的一部分，基于所有分离株研究了脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）分型、多位点序列分型（MLST）、抗生素耐药谱（ARPs）和抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）。2018年5月至12月从72只大熊猫采集粪便样本，共从153份粪便样本中分离出90株肺炎克雷伯菌。基因分型结果显示分离株具有高度多样性，其中PFGE获得84个簇，MLST获得57个序列型。分离株相似性的总体趋势是第一个采样期>第二个采样期>第三个采样期，这表明肺炎克雷伯菌基因组变异性增加。此外，90株分离株对氨苄西林、利福平和复方磺胺甲恶唑表现出高度耐药性。在所获得的分离株中，50%携带6至8种ARPs，且携带量在三个采样期内增加，其中在第三个采样期分别发现两株携带12种和13种ARPs的分离株。此外，在90份肺炎克雷伯菌样本中共检测到65种ARGs（90.28%，65/72）。几乎所有采样细菌都含有17种ARGs，它们属于β-内酰胺酶、多药、移动基因元件、氨基糖苷类和四环素类，这可能是肺炎克雷伯菌ARPs的基础。此外，多药和移动基因元件类型对肺炎克雷伯菌的抗生素敏感性有更大影响。我们的结果表明，肺炎克雷伯菌在大熊猫中有严重的传播风险，并且在大量使用抗生素的情况下，肺炎克雷伯菌有很高的基因组多样性可能性和耐药风险。
