Huang Lulu, Wu Cuirong, Gao Haijiao, Xu Chao, Dai Menghong, Huang Lingli, Hao Haihong, Wang Xu, Cheng Guyue
Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Apr 13;11(4):520. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11040520.
Multidrug efflux pumps function at the frontline to protect bacteria against antimicrobials by decreasing the intracellular concentration of drugs. This protective barrier consists of a series of transporter proteins, which are located in the bacterial cell membrane and periplasm and remove diverse extraneous substrates, including antimicrobials, organic solvents, toxic heavy metals, etc., from bacterial cells. This review systematically and comprehensively summarizes the functions of multiple efflux pumps families and discusses their potential applications. The biological functions of efflux pumps including their promotion of multidrug resistance, biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and survival and pathogenicity of bacteria are elucidated. The potential applications of efflux pump-related genes/proteins for the detection of antibiotic residues and antimicrobial resistance are also analyzed. Last but not least, efflux pump inhibitors, especially those of plant origin, are discussed.
多药外排泵在前线发挥作用，通过降低细胞内药物浓度来保护细菌免受抗菌药物的影响。这种保护屏障由一系列转运蛋白组成，这些蛋白位于细菌细胞膜和周质中，可从细菌细胞中去除各种外来底物，包括抗菌药物、有机溶剂、有毒重金属等。本综述系统全面地总结了多个外排泵家族的功能，并讨论了它们的潜在应用。阐述了外排泵的生物学功能，包括它们对多药耐药性、生物膜形成、群体感应以及细菌存活和致病性的促进作用。还分析了外排泵相关基因/蛋白在检测抗生素残留和抗菌药物耐药性方面的潜在应用。最后但同样重要的是，讨论了外排泵抑制剂，尤其是植物来源的抑制剂。
