Virgilio Eleonora, De Marchi Fabiola, Contaldi Elena, Dianzani Umberto, Cantello Roberto, Mazzini Letizia, Comi Cristoforo
MS Centre, Department of Neurology, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy.
Ph.D. Program in Medical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy.
Biomedicines. 2022 Mar 24;10(4):760. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10040760.
Nowadays, there is a need for reliable fluid biomarkers to improve differential diagnosis, prognosis, and the prediction of treatment response, particularly in the management of neurogenerative diseases that display an extreme variability in clinical phenotypes. In recent years, Tau protein has been progressively recognized as a valuable neuronal biomarker in several neurological conditions, not only Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cerebrospinal fluid and serum Tau have been extensively investigated in several neurodegenerative disorders, from classically defined proteinopathy, e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Parkinson's disease (PD), but also in inflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), as a marker of axonal damage. In MS, total Tau (t-Tau) may represent, along with other proteins, a marker with diagnostic and prognostic value. In ALS, t-Tau and, mainly, the phosphorylated-Tau/t-Tau ratio alone or integrated with transactive DNA binding protein of ~43 kDa (TDP-43), may represent a tool for both diagnosis and differential diagnosis of other motoneuron diseases or tauopathies. Evidence indicated the crucial role of the Tau protein in the pathogenesis of PD and other parkinsonian disorders. This narrative review summarizes current knowledge regarding non-AD neurodegenerative diseases and the Tau protein.
如今，需要可靠的流体生物标志物来改善鉴别诊断、预后评估以及治疗反应预测，尤其是在临床表型极具变异性的神经退行性疾病管理中。近年来， Tau 蛋白已逐渐被公认为在多种神经系统疾病中具有重要价值的神经元生物标志物，而不仅仅局限于阿尔茨海默病（AD）。脑脊液和血清 Tau 已在多种神经退行性疾病中得到广泛研究，这些疾病不仅包括典型定义的蛋白病，如肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）、额颞叶痴呆（FTD）和帕金森病（PD），还包括炎症性疾病，如多发性硬化症（MS），作为轴突损伤的标志物。在 MS 中，总 Tau（t-Tau）可能与其他蛋白质一起，代表一种具有诊断和预后价值的标志物。在 ALS 中，t-Tau，主要是磷酸化 Tau/t-Tau 比值单独或与约 43 kDa 的转录激活 DNA 结合蛋白（TDP-43）相结合，可能代表一种用于诊断和鉴别诊断其他运动神经元疾病或 Tau 蛋白病的工具。有证据表明 Tau 蛋白在 PD 和其他帕金森病性疾病的发病机制中起关键作用。本叙述性综述总结了关于非 AD 神经退行性疾病和 Tau 蛋白的当前知识。
