Tain You-Lin, Hsu Chien-Ning
Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
Biomedicines. 2022 Apr 9;10(4):875. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10040875.
Hypertension is the leading cause of global disease burden. Hypertension can arise from early life. Animal models are valuable for giving cogent evidence of a causal relationship between various environmental insults in early life and the hypertension of developmental origins in later life. These insults consist of maternal malnutrition, maternal medical conditions, medication use, and exposure to environmental chemicals/toxins. There is a burgeoning body of evidence on maternal insults can shift gut microbiota, resulting in adverse offspring outcomes later in life. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in hypertension of developmental origins, while gut microbiota-targeted therapy, if applied early, is able to help prevent hypertension in later life. This review discusses the innovative use of animal models in addressing the mechanisms behind hypertension of developmental origins. We will also highlight the application of animal models to elucidate how the gut microbiota connects with other core mechanisms, and the potential of gut microbiota-targeted therapy as a novel preventive strategy to prevent hypertension of developmental origins. These animal models have certainly enhanced our understanding of hypertension of developmental origins, closing the knowledge gap between animal models and future clinical translation.
高血压是全球疾病负担的主要原因。高血压可在生命早期出现。动物模型对于提供令人信服的证据，证明生命早期各种环境损伤与后期发育起源性高血压之间的因果关系很有价值。这些损伤包括母体营养不良、母体疾病、药物使用以及接触环境化学物质/毒素。越来越多的证据表明，母体损伤会改变肠道微生物群，导致后代在以后的生活中出现不良后果。新出现的证据表明，肠道微生物群失调与发育起源性高血压有关，而早期应用针对肠道微生物群的疗法能够帮助预防后期生活中的高血压。本综述讨论了动物模型在揭示发育起源性高血压背后机制方面的创新性应用。我们还将强调动物模型在阐明肠道微生物群如何与其他核心机制相联系方面的应用，以及针对肠道微生物群的疗法作为预防发育起源性高血压的一种新型预防策略的潜力。这些动物模型无疑增进了我们对发育起源性高血压的理解，缩小了动物模型与未来临床转化之间的知识差距。
