Quispe-Chambilla Lucero, Pumacahua-Ramos Augusto, Choque-Quispe David, Curro-Pérez Francisco, Carrión-Sánchez Hilka Mariela, Peralta-Guevara Diego E, Masco-Arriola Mery Luz, Palomino-Rincón Henry, Ligarda-Samanez Carlos A
Food Science and Technology, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco 08000, Peru.
Department of Food Engineering, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de Quillabamba, Cusco 08000, Peru.
Foods. 2022 Apr 15;11(8):1142. doi: 10.3390/foods11081142.
Chocolate is a widely consumed product, due to the contribution of fats and antioxidant compounds; the addition of other components makes it possible to increase the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, although they can affect its rheological properties. The influence of the partial addition of peanut paste and Sacha Inchi on the rheological and functional properties of dark chocolate was evaluated. Cocoa beans, peanuts, and Sacha Inchi were refined in order to obtain the cocoa paste (PC), peanut paste (PM), and Sacha Inchi paste (PSI). Then, mixtures between 0 to 20% of PM and PSI were formulated, and the rheological properties were evaluated at 30, 40, and 50 °C; these were adjusted to mathematical models. Functional groups were identified by FTIR in ATR mode, and it was observed that the partial addition of PM and PSI did not show significant changes in the shear stress and apparent viscosity of the mixture, although they did show dependence on temperature. The Herschel−Bulkley model showed a better adjustment (R2 > 0.999), reporting behavior index values, n < 1.0, and indicating pseudo-plastic behavior for pastes and formulations. The yield limit τy and the consistency index kH increased significantly with the addition of PM and PSI, but they decreased with increasing temperature. The activation energy show values between 13.98 to 18.74 kJ/mol, and it increased significantly with the addition of PM and PSI. Infrared analysis evidenced the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids, coming mainly from PSI and PM. The addition of PM and PSI does not influence the rheological properties and allows for an increase in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
巧克力是一种消费广泛的产品,这得益于其所含的脂肪和抗氧化化合物;添加其他成分可以增加多不饱和脂肪酸的含量,不过这可能会影响其流变学特性。本研究评估了部分添加花生酱和印加果对黑巧克力流变学和功能特性的影响。对可可豆、花生和印加果进行精炼,以获得可可糊(PC)、花生酱(PM)和印加果糊(PSI)。然后,配制了0%至20%的PM和PSI混合物,并在30、40和50℃下评估其流变学特性;将这些特性调整为数学模型。通过衰减全反射(ATR)模式的傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)识别官能团,结果发现,部分添加PM和PSI后,混合物的剪切应力和表观粘度虽未显示出显著变化,但确实表现出对温度的依赖性。赫谢尔- Bulkley模型显示出更好的拟合效果(R2>0.999),报告的行为指数值n<1.0,表明糊剂和配方具有假塑性行为。屈服极限τy和稠度指数kH随着PM和PSI的添加而显著增加,但随着温度升高而降低。活化能显示值在13.98至18.74kJ/mol之间,并且随着PM和PSI的添加而显著增加。红外分析证明了多不饱和脂肪酸的存在,主要来自PSI和PM。添加PM和PSI不会影响流变学特性,且能增加多不饱和脂肪酸的含量。