Huang Chang-Yi, Cheng Yu-Huang, Chen Su-Der
Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Number 1, Section 1, Shen-Lung Road, Yilan City 26041, Taiwan.
Department of Food Science, National Ilan University, Number 1, Section 1, Shen-Lung Road, Yilan City 26041, Taiwan.
Foods. 2022 Apr 18;11(8):1173. doi: 10.3390/foods11081173.
Wild bitter gourd ( L. var. S.) is a kind of Chinese herbal medicine and is also a vegetable and fruit that people eat daily. Wild bitter gourd has many bioactive components, such as saponin, polysaccharide, and protein, and the extract is used to adjust blood sugar in patients with diabetes. The objective of this study was to investigate simultaneous hot air-assisted radio frequency (HARF) drying and pasteurization for bitter gourd extract, and then to evaluate its effects on blood sugar of type II diabetic mice. The results showed that the solid-liquid ratio of the wild bitter gourd powder to water was 1:10 and it was extracted using focused ultrasonic extraction (FUE) for only 10 min with 70 °C water. Then, 1 kg of concentrated bitter gourd extract was mixed with soybean fiber powder at a ratio of 2:1.1. It was dried by HARF, and the temperature of the sample could reach above 80 °C in only 12 min to simultaneously reduce moisture content (wet basis) from 58% to 15% and achieve a pasteurization effect to significantly reduce the total bacterial and mold counts. Type II diabetic mice induced by nicotinamide and streptozocin (STZ) for two weeks and then were fed four-week feeds containing 5% RF-dried wild gourd extract did not raise fasting blood glucose. Therefore, the dried powder of wild bitter gourd extracts by HARF drying had a hypoglycemic effect.
野生苦瓜（L. var. S.）是一种中药材，也是人们日常食用的蔬菜水果。野生苦瓜含有多种生物活性成分，如皂苷、多糖和蛋白质，其提取物用于调节糖尿病患者的血糖。本研究的目的是研究热风辅助射频（HARF）对苦瓜提取物进行干燥和巴氏杀菌，然后评估其对II型糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响。结果表明，野生苦瓜粉与水的固液比为1:10，采用聚焦超声提取（FUE），在70℃水中仅提取10分钟。然后，将1kg浓缩苦瓜提取物与大豆纤维粉按2:1.1的比例混合。采用HARF干燥，样品温度在12分钟内即可升至80℃以上，同时将水分含量（湿基）从58%降至15%，并达到巴氏杀菌效果，显著降低细菌和霉菌总数。用烟酰胺和链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导两周的II型糖尿病小鼠，然后喂食含5%射频干燥野生苦瓜提取物的四周饲料，空腹血糖未升高。因此，热风辅助射频干燥的野生苦瓜提取物干粉具有降血糖作用。
