Nociti Viviana, Romozzi Marina, Mirabella Massimiliano
Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli' IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Centro di Ricerca Sclerosi Multipla (CERSM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
J Pers Med. 2022 Mar 31;12(4):549. doi: 10.3390/jpm12040549.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by broad inter- and intraindividual heterogeneity. The relapse rate, disability progression, and lesion load assessed through MRI are used to detect disease activity and response to treatment. Although it is possible to standardize these characteristics in larger patient groups, so far, this has been difficult to achieve in individual patients. Easily detectable molecular biomarkers can be powerful tools, permitting a tailored therapy approach for MS patients. However, only a few molecular biomarkers have been routinely used in clinical practice as the validation process, and their transfer into clinical practice takes a long time. This review describes the characteristics of an ideal MS biomarker, the challenges of establishing new biomarkers, and promising molecular biomarkers from blood or CSF samples used to monitor MS treatment effects in clinical practice.
多发性硬化症（MS）是一种中枢神经系统的炎症性和神经退行性疾病，其特点是个体间和个体内存在广泛的异质性。通过磁共振成像（MRI）评估的复发率、残疾进展和病灶负荷用于检测疾病活动和对治疗的反应。虽然在较大的患者群体中可以对这些特征进行标准化，但到目前为止，在个体患者中很难做到这一点。易于检测的分子生物标志物可以成为强大的工具，使针对MS患者的治疗方法更加个性化。然而，由于验证过程的原因，只有少数分子生物标志物在临床实践中得到常规使用，而且它们转化为临床实践需要很长时间。这篇综述描述了理想的MS生物标志物的特征、建立新生物标志物的挑战，以及在临床实践中用于监测MS治疗效果的来自血液或脑脊液样本的有前景的分子生物标志物。
