Lee Kyudong, Bae Hwanseong, Jang Seyong
Martial Arts and Physical Education Center, Korean National Police University, Asan 31539, Korea.
Department of Taekwondo, College of Arts and Physical Education, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Apr 2;10(4):673. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10040673.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term exercise, within the natural environment or by applying similar visual stimulation, on concentration and positive psychological capital among Korean college students. Participants were 175 male college students—selected by non-probabilistic sampling—from the Korean National Police University in Asan-si, Republic of Korea, in March 2021. Participants were divided into three condition groups: the natural environmental exposure with outdoor exercise (n = 57), visual stimulation with indoor exercise (n = 58), and indoor exercise (control group; n = 60). The variables measured were concentration and positive psychological capital. Pre- and post-exercise data differences were analyzed using two-way (3 × 2) analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation analysis, and statistical significance was set at 0.05. The results revealed a significant main effect on concentration, with lower scores post-intervention indicating positive changes in all three groups. In addition, the scores for positive psychological capital sub-factors (self-efficacy, optimism, and hope), in the groups with the natural environmental exposure with outdoor exercise and visual stimulation with indoor exercise conditions, reflected higher positive change than the indoor exercise group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the Bonferroni post hoc test on this interaction effect revealed that the participant scores for the natural environmental exposure with outdoor exercise and visual stimulation with indoor exercise groups were positive after the exercise (p < 0.05). However, there was no interaction effect for the ego-resilience subscale (p > 0.05). Therefore, participating in short-term exercise while being exposed to a natural environment with healing characteristics or providing visual stimulation of a similar natural environment was found to positively impact the Korean college students’ concentration and positive psychological capital’s self-efficacy, optimism, and hope. Moreover, this particular intervention only affects subjective measures of well-being while not particularly influencing objective measures, such as cognitive functioning. We recommend implementing similar visual stimulation with indoor exercise for the current generation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
本研究旨在调查短期运动，无论是在自然环境中还是通过施加类似的视觉刺激，对韩国大学生注意力和积极心理资本的影响。参与者为175名男性大学生，于2021年3月通过非概率抽样从韩国忠清南道牙山市的韩国警察大学选取。参与者被分为三个条件组：户外锻炼的自然环境暴露组（n = 57）、室内锻炼的视觉刺激组（n = 58）和室内锻炼组（对照组；n = 60）。测量的变量为注意力和积极心理资本。使用双向（3×2）方差分析和皮尔逊相关分析对运动前后的数据差异进行分析，统计学显著性设定为0.05。结果显示，在注意力方面存在显著的主效应，干预后得分较低表明所有三组均有积极变化。此外，户外锻炼的自然环境暴露组和室内锻炼的视觉刺激组中，积极心理资本子因素（自我效能感、乐观主义和希望）的得分比室内锻炼组反映出更高的积极变化（p < 0.05）。此外，对这种交互作用效应进行的邦费罗尼事后检验表明，户外锻炼的自然环境暴露组和室内锻炼的视觉刺激组参与者在运动后的得分呈阳性（p < 0.05）。然而，自我恢复力子量表没有交互作用效应（p > 0.05）。因此，发现参与短期运动，同时置身于具有治愈特性的自然环境中或接受类似自然环境的视觉刺激，会对韩国大学生的注意力以及积极心理资本的自我效能感、乐观主义和希望产生积极影响。此外，这种特定干预仅影响幸福感的主观测量指标，而对认知功能等客观测量指标没有特别影响。我们建议在新冠疫情期间，对当代人实施类似的室内锻炼视觉刺激。
