Jovell Laura, Díez-Izquierdo Ana, Martín-Sánchez Juan Carlos, Cartanyà-Hueso Àurea, González-Marrón Adrián, Lidón-Moyano Cristina, Martínez-Sánchez Jose M
Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC-Barcelona), 08195 Sant Cugat del Valles, Spain.
Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Apr 13;10(4):717. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10040717.
(1) Background: Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke has decreased in recent years in Spain, due to the implementation of tobacco control policies. However, there is no regulation that protects against second-hand smoke (SHS) in outdoor environments. Our goal is to describe the smoking prohibition signage in public spaces and to characterize tobacco consumption in outdoor environments describing the SHS exposure in children. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study using direct observation was carried out with a convenience sample (n = 179) that included hospitality venues with terraces, schools and healthcare facilities in the municipality of Sant Cugat del Vallès (Barcelona, Spain). The observations were made without notifying the owners by one single field researcher between April and June 2018. The variables were evaluated by signage and signs of tobacco consumption (ashtrays, cigarette butts and presence of smokers). (3) Results: Smoke-free zone signage outside public spaces was present in 30.7% of all venues, with only 50.9% correctness. When analysing terraces of hospitality venues, in 35.8% of them there were children present with 66.7% of tobacco consumption. (4) Conclusions: Our results show a low prevalence of antismoking signage, without an impact on tobacco consumption regardless of the presence of children.
(1) 背景：由于烟草控制政策的实施，近年来西班牙接触环境烟草烟雾的情况有所减少。然而，目前尚无针对户外环境中二手烟（SHS）的防护规定。我们的目标是描述公共场所的禁烟标识，并刻画户外环境中的烟草消费情况，同时描述儿童接触二手烟的情况。(2) 方法：采用直接观察法进行横断面研究，样本为便利样本（n = 179），包括西班牙巴塞罗那圣库加特德尔瓦勒斯市的带露台的餐饮场所、学校和医疗设施。2018年4月至6月期间，由一名现场研究人员在未通知业主的情况下进行观察。通过标识和烟草消费迹象（烟灰缸、烟头和吸烟者的存在）对变量进行评估。(3) 结果：所有场所中，30.7%的公共场所外设有无烟区标识，其中仅有50.9%正确。在分析餐饮场所的露台时，35.8%的露台有儿童在场，66.7%存在烟草消费现象。(4) 结论：我们的结果显示，禁烟标识的普及率较低，无论是否有儿童在场，对烟草消费均无影响。
