Lipids, Oxidation and Cell Biology Team, Laboratory of Immunology (LIM19), Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil.
Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (LIM60), Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil.
Cells. 2022 Apr 7;11(8):1251. doi: 10.3390/cells11081251.
Oxysterols are the products of cholesterol oxidation. They have a wide range of effects on several cells, organs, and systems in the body. Oxysterols also have an influence on the physiology of the immune system, from immune cell maturation and migration to innate and humoral immune responses. In this regard, oxysterols have been involved in several diseases that have an immune component, from autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases to inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Here, we review data on the participation of oxysterols, mainly 25-hydroxycholesterol and 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol, in the immune system and related diseases. The effects of these oxysterols and main oxysterol receptors, LXR and EBI2, in cells of the immune system (B cells, T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes), and in immune-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, intestinal diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases, and atherosclerosis, are discussed.
氧化固醇是胆固醇氧化的产物。它们对体内的多种细胞、器官和系统都有广泛的影响。氧化固醇还对免疫系统的生理学产生影响，从免疫细胞的成熟和迁移到先天和体液免疫反应。在这方面，氧化固醇已经参与了几种具有免疫成分的疾病，从自身免疫和神经退行性疾病到炎症性疾病、动脉粥样硬化和癌症。在这里，我们回顾了氧化固醇（主要是 25-羟胆固醇和 7α,25-二羟胆固醇）参与免疫系统和相关疾病的数据。讨论了这些氧化固醇和主要的氧化固醇受体 LXR 和 EBI2 在免疫系统细胞（B 细胞、T 细胞、巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、少突胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞）以及与免疫相关的疾病（如神经退行性疾病、肠道疾病、癌症、呼吸道疾病和动脉粥样硬化）中的作用。
