Salyer K E, Taylor D P
Clin Plast Surg. 1987 Jan;14(1):27-35.
Bone grafting or bone replacement is an integral part of craniofacial surgery. Most craniofacial surgeons prefer the use of autogenous bone; however, there are exceptions to this, because some plastic surgeons prefer the use of alloplastic implants for replacement of parts or missing segments in the craniomaxillofacial skeleton. Inlay bone grafts are useful in osteotomies because they show little resorption. Onlay bone grafts contour and balance the face aesthetically and enable the surgeon to obtain refinement and fine-tuning in all types of craniofacial reconstruction. These grafts demonstrate more resorption than inlay grafts. However, the use of onlay grafts coupled with soft-tissue shifts of galea and muscle enable the craniofacial surgeon to achieve superior results over those of surgeons primarily concerned with jaw- or tooth-related movements that do not utilize primary bone grafting as a method of augmentation. Superior results today are obtained with various methods and techniques of bone grafting, some of which have been described in this article.
骨移植或骨替代是颅面外科手术不可或缺的一部分。大多数颅面外科医生更喜欢使用自体骨；然而，也有例外情况，因为一些整形外科医生更喜欢使用异体植入物来替代颅颌面骨骼中的部分或缺失节段。嵌体骨移植在截骨术中很有用，因为它们几乎没有吸收。覆盖骨移植在美学上塑造面部轮廓并使其平衡，使外科医生能够在所有类型的颅面重建中进行细化和微调。这些移植比嵌体移植显示出更多的吸收。然而，使用覆盖移植并结合帽状腱膜和肌肉的软组织移位，使颅面外科医生能够取得比那些主要关注与颌骨或牙齿相关运动且不将原发性骨移植作为一种增强方法的外科医生更好的效果。如今，通过各种骨移植方法和技术可获得更好的效果，本文已对其中一些方法和技术进行了描述。
