Soto-Cámara Raúl, Navalpotro-Pascual Susana, Jiménez-Alegre José Julio, García-Santa-Basilia Noemí, Onrubia-Baticón Henar, Navalpotro-Pascual José M, Thuissard Israel John, Fernández-Domínguez Juan José, Matellán-Hernández María Paz, Pastor-Benito Elena, Polo-Portes Carlos Eduardo, Cárdaba-García Rosa M
Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León-Sacyl, 47007 Valladolid, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2022 Apr 15;11(8):2227. doi: 10.3390/jcm11082227.
This study aimed to analyze the psychological affectation of health professionals (HPs) of Spanish Emergency Medical Services (EMSs) according to the cumulative incidence (CI) of COVID-19 cases in the regions in which they worked. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed, including all HPs working in any EMS of the Spanish geography between 1 February 2021 and 30 April 2021. Their level of stress, anxiety and depression (DASS-21) and the perception of self-efficacy (G-SES) were the study's main results. A 2-factor analysis of covariance was used to determine if the CI regions of COVID-19 cases determined the psychological impact on each of the studied variables. A total of 1710 HPs were included. A third presented psychological impairment classified as severe. The interaction of CI regions with the studied variables did not influence their levels of stress, anxiety, depression or self-efficacy. Women, younger HPs or those with less EMS work experience, emergency medical technicians (EMT), workers who had to modify their working conditions or those who lived with minors or dependents suffered a greater impact from the COVID-19 pandemic in certain regions. These HPs have shown high levels of stress, anxiety, depression and medium levels of self-efficacy, with similar data in the different geographical areas. Psychological support is essential to mitigate their suffering and teach them to react to adverse events.
本研究旨在根据西班牙紧急医疗服务（EMS）工作人员所在地区新冠病毒病（COVID-19）病例的累积发病率（CI），分析其心理影响。设计了一项横断面描述性研究，纳入了2021年2月1日至2021年4月30日期间在西班牙各地任何紧急医疗服务机构工作的所有卫生专业人员（HP）。研究的主要结果是他们的压力、焦虑和抑郁水平（DASS-21）以及自我效能感（G-SES）。采用双因素协方差分析来确定COVID-19病例的CI地区是否决定了对每个研究变量的心理影响。共纳入1710名卫生专业人员。三分之一的人存在被归类为严重的心理损伤。CI地区与研究变量的交互作用并未影响他们的压力、焦虑、抑郁或自我效能水平。在某些地区，女性、年轻的卫生专业人员、急救工作经验较少的人员、急救医疗技术员（EMT）、不得不改变工作条件的工作人员或与未成年人或受抚养人一起生活的人员受COVID-19大流行的影响更大。这些卫生专业人员表现出较高的压力、焦虑、抑郁水平和中等的自我效能水平，不同地理区域的数据相似。心理支持对于减轻他们的痛苦并教会他们应对不良事件至关重要。
