Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, China National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
Beijing Flower Engineering Technology Research Center, Plant Institute, Management Department of Beijing Botanical Garden, Beijing 100094, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 13;23(8):4319. doi: 10.3390/ijms23084319.
During the growth cycle of lilies, assimilates undergo a process of accumulation, consumption and reaccumulation in bulbs and are transported and allocated between aboveground and underground organs and tissues. The sink-source relationship changes with the allocation of assimilates, affecting the vegetative growth and morphological establishment of lilies. In this study, the carbohydrate contents in different tissues of five critical stages during lily development were measured to observe the assimilates allocation. The results showed bulbs acted as the main source to provide energy before the budding stage (S3); after the flowering stage (S4), bulbs began to accumulate assimilates as a sink organ again. During the period when the plant height was 30cm with leaf-spread (S2), leaves mainly accumulated assimilates from bulbs through the symplastic pathway, while when leaves were fully expanded, it transformed to export carbohydrates. At the S4 stage, flowers became a new active sink with assimilates influx. To further understand the allocation of assimilates, 16 genes related to sugar transport and metabolism ( genes) were identified and categorized into different subfamilies based on the phylogenetic analysis, and their protein physicochemical properties were also predicted. Tissue-specific analysis showed that most of the genes were highly expressed in stems and petals, and it was mainly the (monosaccharide transporter) genes that were obviously expressed in petals during the S4 stage, suggesting that they may be associated with the accumulation of carbohydrates in flowers and thus affect flower development process. (the Sugar will eventually be exported transporters) was significantly correlated with starch in scales and with soluble sugar in leaves. Sugar transporters and were significantly correlated with soluble sugar and sucrose in leaves, suggesting that these genes may play key roles in the accumulation and transportation of assimilates in lilies. In addition, we analyzed the expression patterns of genes under different abiotic stresses, and the results showed that all genes were significantly upregulated. This study lays a solid foundation for further research on molecular mechanism of sink-source change and response to abiotic stresses in lilies.
百合生长周期中，同化产物在鳞茎中经历积累、消耗和再积累的过程，并在地上部和地下器官和组织之间运输和分配。源库关系随同化产物的分配而变化，影响百合的营养生长和形态建成。本研究测定了百合发育五个关键时期不同组织的碳水化合物含量，观察同化产物的分配情况。结果表明，在萌芽期（S3）前，鳞茎作为主要的源器官提供能量；开花期（S4）后，鳞茎再次作为库器官开始积累同化产物。在株高 30cm 叶片展开期（S2），叶片主要通过共质体途径从鳞茎中积累同化产物，而当叶片完全展开时，叶片开始向花中输出碳水化合物。在 S4 期，花成为新的活跃库器官，吸收同化产物。为进一步了解同化产物的分配情况，本研究共鉴定了 16 个与糖转运和代谢相关的基因（ genes），并根据系统发育分析将其分为不同的亚家族，同时预测了它们的蛋白质理化性质。组织特异性分析表明，大多数基因在茎和花瓣中高表达，在 S4 期， （单糖转运蛋白）基因在花瓣中明显表达，表明其可能与花中碳水化合物的积累有关，从而影响花的发育过程。 （最终将糖输出的转运蛋白）与鳞片中的淀粉和叶片中的可溶性糖显著相关。转运蛋白 和 与叶片中的可溶性糖和蔗糖显著相关，表明这些基因可能在百合同化产物的积累和运输中发挥关键作用。此外，我们分析了基因在不同非生物胁迫下的表达模式，结果表明所有基因均显著上调。本研究为进一步研究百合源库关系变化和对非生物胁迫的响应的分子机制奠定了基础。
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