Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Università, 100-Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy.
Department of Digestive Surgery, Université Côte d' Azur, F-06108 Nice, France.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 13;23(8):4325. doi: 10.3390/ijms23084325.
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) include leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Mammalians cannot synthesize these amino acids de novo and must acquire them through their diet. High levels of BCAAs are associated with insulin resistance; type 2 diabetes; obesity; and non-metabolic diseases, including several forms of cancer. BCAAs-in particular leucine-activate the rapamycin complex1 mTORC1, which regulates cell growth and metabolism, glucose metabolism and several more essential physiological processes. Diets rich in BCAAs are associated with metabolic diseases (listed above), while diets low in BCAAs are generally reported to promote metabolic health. As for the dysregulation of the metabolism caused by high levels of BCAAs, recent studies propose that the accumulation of acyl-carnitine and diacyl-CoA in muscles alters lipid metabolism. However, this suggestion is not broadly accepted. On clinical grounds, pre- and post-operative metabolic profiles of candidate patients for bariatric surgery are being used to select the optimal procedure for each individual patient.
支链氨基酸（BCAAs）包括亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸。哺乳动物不能从头合成这些氨基酸，必须通过饮食获得。BCAAs 水平高与胰岛素抵抗、2 型糖尿病、肥胖和非代谢性疾病有关，包括多种形式的癌症。BCAAs——特别是亮氨酸——激活雷帕霉素复合物 1（mTORC1），该复合物调节细胞生长和代谢、葡萄糖代谢以及更多基本的生理过程。富含 BCAAs 的饮食与代谢性疾病（如上所述）有关，而低 BCAAs 的饮食通常被报道可促进代谢健康。至于高 BCAAs 引起的代谢失调，最近的研究提出，肌肉中酰基辅酶 A 和二酰基辅酶 A 的积累改变了脂肪代谢。然而，这一观点尚未被广泛接受。临床上，正在使用肥胖症手术候选患者的术前和术后代谢谱来为每个患者选择最佳的手术方案。
