CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 14;23(8):4363. doi: 10.3390/ijms23084363.
NUMB is an endocytic adaptor protein that contains four isoforms (p65, p66, p71 and p72) due to alternative splicing regulation. Here, we show that NUMB exon12 (E12)-skipping isoforms p65/p66 promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer cell migration in vitro, and facilitate cancer metastasis in mice, whereas E12-included p71/p72 isoforms attenuate these effects. Mechanistically, p65/p66 isoforms significantly increase the sorting of Notch1 through early endosomes (EEs) for enhanced Notch1 activity. In contrast, p71/p72 isoforms act as negative regulators of Notch1 by ubiquitylating the Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) and promoting its degradation. Moreover, we observed that the interaction between N1ICD and SMAD3 is important for their own stabilization, and for NUMB-mediated EMT response and cell migration. Either N1ICD or SMAD3 overexpression could significantly recuse the migration reduction seen in the p65/p66 knockdown, and Notch1 or SMAD3 knockdown rescued the migration advantage seen in the overexpression of p66. Taken all together, our study provides mechanistic insights into the opposite regulation of Notch1-SMAD3 crosstalk by NUMB isoforms and identifies them as critical regulators of EMT and cancer cell migration.
NUMB 是一种内吞衔接蛋白,由于选择性剪接调控,其包含四个同工型(p65、p66、p71 和 p72)。在这里,我们发现 NUMB 外显子 12(E12)跳跃同工型 p65/p66 在体外促进上皮间质转化(EMT)和癌细胞迁移,并促进小鼠的癌症转移,而包含 E12 的 p71/p72 同工型则减弱了这些作用。在机制上,p65/p66 同工型通过早期内体(EEs)显著增加 Notch1 的分拣,以增强 Notch1 活性。相比之下,p71/p72 同工型通过泛素化 Notch1 胞内结构域(N1ICD)并促进其降解,作为 Notch1 的负调控因子。此外,我们观察到 N1ICD 和 SMAD3 之间的相互作用对于它们自身的稳定以及 NUMB 介导的 EMT 反应和细胞迁移是重要的。N1ICD 或 SMAD3 的过表达均能显著挽救 p65/p66 敲低导致的迁移减少,而 Notch1 或 SMAD3 的敲低则挽救了 p66 过表达导致的迁移优势。综上所述,我们的研究为 NUMB 同工型对 Notch1-SMAD3 串扰的相反调节提供了机制上的见解,并确定它们是 EMT 和癌细胞迁移的关键调节因子。