Dietetic Program and Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
Biomedical Science Program and Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 7;19(8):4469. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19084469.
This paper describes the development of an integrated chrono-nutrition weight reduction program and the evaluation of the attendance, retention, satisfaction and compliance towards the chrono-nutrition components among morning and evening chronotypes for overweight/obese non-shift workers. The present study was conducted in two phases: Phase I was composed of needs assessments on the chronotypes’ dietary patterns and chrono-nutrition through a scoping review and integrating the chrono-nutrition components (temporal eating pattern, meal timing and sleeping habits) alongside the existing weight reduction module, SLIMSHAPE™. Phase II consisted of a feasibility study to evaluate the integrated chrono-nutrition weight reduction program (SLIMSHAPE™ Chrono). A total of 91 overweight/obese non-shift workers participated in the 12-week weight reduction program (Age: 39.6 ± 6.3 years; 74.7% women; BMI: 31.2 ± 4.5 kg/m2). Low attrition rate was recorded, with 85 participants (93.4%) completing the pre- and post-intervention assessments. Overall, morning and evening chronotypes had increased their % energy intake in the early eating window (MT: 64.8 vs. 67.2%, ET: 62.7 vs. 65.6%, Mean difference (MD): 2.8, 95%CI: 0.3, 5.1, p = 0.028) and reduced their intake in the late eating window (MT: 35.2 vs. 32.8%, ET: 37.3 vs. 34.4%, MD: −2.8, 95%CI: −5.1, −0.3, p = 0.028) and earlier midpoint of eating (MT: 14:02 vs. 13:49; ET: 14:27 vs. 14:18, 95%CI: −0.4, −0.02, p = 0.029) and had a reduced night eating syndrome score (MT: 10.0 vs. 8.9; ET: 10.7 vs. 8.9, MD: −1.5, 95%CI: −2.5, −0.5, p = 0.004). There was no significant change in the first (MT: 08:12 vs. 08:04, ET: 08:24 vs. 08:22, MD: −0.1, 95%CI: −0.2, 0.03, p = 0.170) and last mealtime (MT: 19:52 vs. 19:33, ET: 20:29 vs. 20:14, MD: −0.3, 95%CI: −0.6, −0.04, p = 0.081), eating duration (MT: 11.7 vs. 11.5 h, ET: 12.1 vs. 11.9 h, MD: −0.2, 95%CI: −0.6, 0.2, p = 0.251) and the elapse time between sleep onset and last meal (MT: 3.1 vs. 3.5 h, ET: 3.5 vs. 3.2 h, MD: 0.1, 95%CI: −0.3, 0.4, p = 0.678). In terms of sleep, evening chronotypes increased their sleep duration (MD: 0.8 h, 95% CI: 0.4, 1.2, p < 0.001) and reduced social jetlag (MD: 19 min, 95% CI: 1.7, 36.3, p = 0.031) post-intervention compared to morning chronotypes. The integrated chrono-nutrition weight reduction program among morning and evening chronotypes improved the temporal pattern of energy intake, meal timing, night eating syndrome and sleep habits post-intervention. The chrono-nutrition practice could be a potentially modifiable behavior as an adjunct strategy in weight management.
本研究描述了一个综合的时间营养减肥计划的发展，并评估了超重/肥胖非轮班工人的早型和晚型两种类型对时间营养成分的参与度、保留率、满意度和依从性。本研究分为两个阶段：第一阶段通过范围综述评估了两种类型的饮食模式和时间营养需求，并将时间营养成分（时间性进食模式、用餐时间和睡眠习惯）与现有的减肥模块 SLIMSHAPE™ 相结合。第二阶段进行了一项可行性研究，以评估综合时间营养减肥计划（SLIMSHAPE™Chrono）。共有 91 名超重/肥胖非轮班工人参加了为期 12 周的减肥计划（年龄：39.6±6.3 岁；74.7%为女性；BMI：31.2±4.5kg/m2）。记录到低脱落率，有 85 名参与者（93.4%）完成了干预前后的评估。总体而言，早型和晚型两种类型的人在早期进食窗口的能量摄入百分比增加（MT：64.8%比 67.2%，ET：62.7%比 65.6%，平均差异（MD）：2.8，95%置信区间（CI）：0.3，5.1，p=0.028），而在晚期进食窗口的摄入减少（MT：35.2%比 32.8%，ET：37.3%比 34.4%，MD：-2.8，95%置信区间（CI）：-5.1，-0.3，p=0.028），并且进食中点时间更早（MT：14:02 比 13:49；ET：14:27 比 14:18，95%置信区间（CI）：-0.4，-0.02，p=0.029），夜间进食综合征评分降低（MT：10.0 比 8.9，ET：10.7 比 8.9，MD：-1.5，95%置信区间（CI）：-2.5，-0.5，p=0.004）。第一餐（MT：08:12 比 08:04，ET：08:24 比 08:22，MD：-0.1，95%置信区间（CI）：-0.2，0.03，p=0.170）和最后一餐（MT：19:52 比 19:33，ET：20:29 比 20:14，MD：-0.3，95%置信区间（CI）：-0.6，-0.04，p=0.081）的时间，以及进食时间（MT：11.7 比 11.5 小时，ET：12.1 比 11.9 小时，MD：-0.2，95%置信区间（CI）：-0.6，0.2，p=0.251）和睡眠时间（MT：3.1 比 3.5 小时，ET：3.5 比 3.2 小时，MD：0.1，95%置信区间（CI）：-0.3，0.4，p=0.678）没有显著变化。就睡眠而言，晚型生物钟的睡眠时间增加（MD：0.8 小时，95%CI：0.4，1.2，p<0.001），社交时差减少（MD：19 分钟，95%CI：1.7，36.3，p=0.031），与早型生物钟相比，干预后睡眠质量有所改善。早型和晚型两种类型的综合时间营养减肥计划改善了干预后能量摄入、用餐时间、夜间进食综合征和睡眠习惯的时间模式。时间营养实践可能是一种可改变的行为，作为体重管理的辅助策略。
