School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
Key Lab of Land Consolidation, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100035, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 14;19(8):4762. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19084762.
Soil erodibility (K factor) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) are essential indicators for the estimation of erosion intensity and can potentially influence soil nutrient losses, making them essential parameters for the evaluation of land reclamation quality. In this study, 132 soil samples from 22 soil profiles were collected to measure soil physicochemical properties (e.g., particle size distribution, bulk density and soil nutrient content) and calculate the K factor and Ks of reclaimed soils across the South Dump of the Pingshuo opencast coalmine in the Loess Plateau, China. Geostatistical analysis and the kriging interpolation were employed to quantify the spatial variations in the K factor and Ks in different layers. The results show that the K factor at 0−10 cm is obviously lower than that of other soil layers due to the external input of organic matter, while the Ks tends to decrease along with soil depth. Horizontally, the K factor at 0−10 cm and 50−60 cm shows a decreasing tendency from west to east, while that of other soil layers seems not to show any spatial distribution pattern along latitude or longitude. Meanwhile, the Ks at 0−10 cm presents a striped distribution pattern, while that of other soil layers shows a patchy pattern. On the other hand, the independent-sample t-test and Spearman’s correlation analysis were carried out to determine the effects of soil erodibility on total nitrogen (TN), soil organic matter (SOM), available phosphorus (AP) and potassium (AK). Overall, the K factor is negatively correlated with TN (r = −0.362, p < 0.01) and SOM contents (r = −0.380, p < 0.01), while AP and AK contents are mainly controlled by Ks. This study provides insight on the optimization of reclamation measures and the conservation of soil nutrients in reclaimed land of similar ecosystems.
土壤可蚀性（K 因子）和饱和导水率（Ks）是估计侵蚀强度的重要指标，可能会影响土壤养分的流失，因此是评价土地复垦质量的重要参数。本研究采集了平朔露天煤矿南排土场 22 个土壤剖面的 132 个土壤样本，测定了土壤理化性质（如粒径分布、容重和土壤养分含量），计算了复垦土壤的 K 因子和 Ks，并采用地统计学分析和克里金插值法对不同土层的 K 因子和 Ks 空间变异进行了量化。结果表明，0-10cm 土层的 K 因子明显低于其他土层，这是由于有机质的外源输入，而 Ks 则随着土壤深度的增加而减小。水平方向上，0-10cm 和 50-60cm 土层的 K 因子表现出从西向东逐渐降低的趋势，而其他土层的 K 因子似乎没有沿纬度或经度表现出任何空间分布模式。同时，0-10cm 土层的 Ks 呈条纹状分布，而其他土层的 Ks 呈斑块状分布。另一方面，通过独立样本 t 检验和斯皮尔曼相关性分析，确定了土壤可蚀性对全氮（TN）、土壤有机质（SOM）、有效磷（AP）和钾（AK）的影响。总体而言，K 因子与 TN（r=-0.362，p<0.01）和 SOM 含量（r=-0.380，p<0.01）呈负相关，而 AP 和 AK 含量主要受 Ks 控制。本研究为优化类似生态系统复垦措施和保护复垦土壤养分提供了参考。
