Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
Department of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Moyes College of Education, Weber State University, Ogden, UT 84408, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 16;19(8):4846. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19084846.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of female athlete triad risk factors among female international volunteers based on the development and income status of their country of service. A total of 2164 past volunteers completed a retrospective survey. Countries' income and development statuses were coded using the respective annual United Nations World Economic Situations and Prospects reports. Independent t-tests, ANOVAs, and Pearson's Chi-Squared tests were used to assess group differences; corresponding odds ratios were calculated. Volunteers in nondeveloped (OR = 2.25, CI = 1.85-2.75) and non-high-income (OR = 2.17, CI = 1.75-2.70) countries had over twice the odds of experiencing secondary amenorrhea. More volunteers who served in nondeveloped countries reported an increase in exercise while serving ( = 0.005). Those who served in a nondeveloped (OR = 1.52, CI = 1.16-1.98) or non-high-income (OR = 1.45, CI = 1.08-1.94) country had higher odds of weight loss. However, volunteers serving in nondeveloped (OR = 0.52, CI = 0.44-0.63) and non-high-income (OR = 0.50, CI = 0.4-0.61) countries were less likely to report food insecurity compared to those in developed and high-income countries. Bone mineral density was within the expected range regardless of income and development status. Female volunteers who served in nondeveloped and non-high-income countries experienced higher odds of secondary amenorrhea, which was likely influenced by an increase in exercise and higher odds of weight loss.
本研究旨在根据服务国家的发展和收入状况，确定女性国际志愿者中女性运动员三联征风险因素的流行率。共有 2164 名前志愿者完成了回顾性调查。使用联合国世界经济形势和前景年度报告对各国的收入和发展状况进行编码。使用独立 t 检验、方差分析和 Pearson 卡方检验评估组间差异；计算相应的优势比。在不发达（OR = 2.25，CI = 1.85-2.75）和非高收入（OR = 2.17，CI = 1.75-2.70）国家服务的志愿者出现继发性闭经的可能性是不发达和非高收入国家的志愿者的两倍多。更多在不发达国家服务的志愿者报告服务期间运动量增加（ = 0.005）。在不发达（OR = 1.52，CI = 1.16-1.98）或非高收入（OR = 1.45，CI = 1.08-1.94）国家服务的志愿者体重减轻的可能性更高。然而，与发达国家和高收入国家相比，在不发达国家（OR = 0.52，CI = 0.44-0.63）和非高收入（OR = 0.50，CI = 0.4-0.61）国家服务的志愿者报告食物不安全的可能性较低。无论收入和发展状况如何，骨矿物质密度都在预期范围内。在不发达和非高收入国家服务的女性志愿者出现继发性闭经的几率更高，这可能是由于运动量增加和体重减轻的几率更高所致。
