Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Sciences, College of Agricultural and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 22;19(3):1223. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031223.
This study retrospectively compared the prevalence of factors related to the female athlete triad (low energy availability, secondary amenorrhea (SA), low bone mineral density (BMD)), and post-study BMD of female college students and female international volunteer missionaries (volunteers). Female college students (21-26 years) completed a survey that retrospectively assessed an 18-month study period (volunteer service or first 18 months of college); Diet History Questionnaire III (DHQ III) and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan were optional. One-way ANOVAs and chi-squared distributions assessed group differences. Logistic regression assessed covariates of SA and BMD; corresponding odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Statistical significance was set at < 0.001. 3683 participants (58.8% volunteers, 31.5% non-volunteers, 9.8% others) provided complete survey data; 246 completed the DHQ III, and 640 had a post-study DXA scan. Volunteers had higher metabolic equivalent (MET) hours than non-volunteers and others ( < 0.001), and higher prevalence of food insecurity ( < 0.001) and SA ( < 0.001). Volunteers had higher odds of SA (OR = 2.17, CI = 1.75-2.62) than non-volunteers. Weight loss, body satisfaction, "other" weight loss methods, increased MET hours, and vomiting during the study period increased participants' odds of SA. Participants' average BMD Z-scores were within the expected range at all sites, with no significant group differences. Volunteers' higher MET hours and higher prevalence of food insecurity and SA did not result in significantly lower post-study period BMD.
本研究回顾性比较了女性运动员三联征（低能量供应、继发性闭经（SA）、低骨密度（BMD））相关因素的流行率，以及女大学生和女性国际志愿传教士（志愿者）的研究后 BMD。女大学生（21-26 岁）完成了一项回顾性评估 18 个月研究期（志愿服务或大学前 18 个月）的调查；可选使用饮食史问卷 III（DHQ III）和双能 X 射线吸收法（DXA）扫描。单因素方差分析和卡方分布评估组间差异。逻辑回归评估 SA 和 BMD 的协变量；计算相应的比值比（OR）和置信区间（CI）。统计学意义设定为 < 0.001。3683 名参与者（58.8%志愿者、31.5%非志愿者、9.8%其他）提供了完整的调查数据；246 名参与者完成了 DHQ III，640 名参与者进行了研究后 DXA 扫描。志愿者的代谢当量（MET）小时数高于非志愿者和其他志愿者（<0.001），且食物不安全（<0.001）和 SA（<0.001）的发生率较高。志愿者发生 SA 的可能性高于非志愿者（OR=2.17，CI=1.75-2.62）。研究期间体重减轻、身体满意度、“其他”减肥方法、MET 小时增加和呕吐增加了参与者发生 SA 的可能性。参与者的平均 BMD Z 评分在所有部位均处于预期范围内，组间无显著差异。志愿者较高的 MET 小时数以及较高的食物不安全和 SA 发生率并未导致研究后期间 BMD 显著降低。
