Department of Women's, Children's and Public Health Sciences, A. Gemelli University Hospital Foundation, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, A. Gemelli University Hospital Foundation, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Nutrients. 2022 Apr 11;14(8):1578. doi: 10.3390/nu14081578.
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are very common and life-impacting in children and young adults, covering 50% of pediatric gastroenterologist consultations. As it is known, FGIDs may be due to alterations in the gut-brain axis, dysbiosis and dysregulation of intestinal barrier, causing leaky gut. This may enhance increased antigen and bacterial passage through a damaged mucosa, worsening the impact of different medical conditions such as FGIDs. Little is known about the role of nutrients in modifying this "barrier disruption". This narrative review aims to analyze the clinical evidence concerning diet and Intestinal Permeability (IP) in FGIDs in children. We searched the PubMed/Medline library for articles published between January 2000 and November 2021 including children aged 0-18 years old, using keywords related to the topic. Since diet induces changes in the intestinal barrier and microbiota, we aimed at clarifying how it is possible to modify IP in FGIDs by diet modulation, and how this can impact on gastrointestinal symptoms. We found that) is that small changes in eating habits, such as a low-FODMAP diet, an adequate intake of fiber and intestinal microbiota modulation by prebiotics and probiotics, seem to lead to big improvements in quality of life.
功能性胃肠病（FGIDs）在儿童和年轻人中非常常见且对生活影响较大，占儿科胃肠病学家咨询的 50%。众所周知，FGIDs 可能是由于肠道-大脑轴的改变、肠道菌群失调和肠道屏障失调导致的肠漏。这可能会增加抗原和细菌通过受损黏膜的通透性，从而加重 FGIDs 等不同疾病的影响。关于营养物质在改变这种“屏障破坏”中的作用知之甚少。本综述旨在分析儿童 FGIDs 中饮食与肠道通透性（IP）的临床证据。我们在 PubMed/Medline 数据库中搜索了 2000 年 1 月至 2021 年 11 月期间发表的与该主题相关的文章，包括年龄在 0-18 岁的儿童。由于饮食会引起肠道屏障和微生物群的变化，我们旨在阐明通过饮食调节来改变 FGIDs 中的 IP 的可能性，以及这如何影响胃肠道症状。我们发现，饮食习惯的微小改变，如低 FODMAP 饮食、摄入足够的纤维以及通过益生元和益生菌调节肠道微生物群，似乎可以大大提高生活质量。
