S-Inova Biotech, Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(5):1166-1186. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1836605. Epub 2020 Oct 29.
The health-disease process can be influenced by the intestinal microbiota. As this plays a fundamental role in protecting the organism, the importance of studying the composition and diversity of this community becomes increasingly evident. Changes in the composition of the intestinal bacterial community may result in dysbiosis, and this process may contribute to triggering various diseases in all biological systems. This imbalance of intestinal microbiota homeostasis may alter commensal bacteria and the host metabolism, as well as immune function. Dysbiosis also causes an increase in intestinal permeability due to exposure to molecular patterns associated with the pathogen and lipopolysaccharides, leading to a chronic inflammatory process that can result in diseases for all biological systems. In this context, dietary intervention through the use of probiotics, prebiotics and antioxidant foods can be considered a contribution to the modulation of intestinal microbiota. Probiotics have been used to provide up to 10 billion colony forming units, and probiotic foods, Kefir and fermented natural yogurt are also used. Prebiotics, in turn, are found in supplemental formulations of processed foods and in functional foods that are also sources of phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substances, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. In this review, we will discuss the relationship between an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota with the development of diseases, besides indicating the need for future studies that can establish bacterial parameters for the gastrointestinal tract by modulating the intestinal microbiota, associated with the adoption of healthy habits during all life cycles.
肠道微生物群会影响健康-疾病的发生过程。由于肠道微生物群在保护机体方面发挥着根本作用，因此研究该群落的组成和多样性变得越来越重要。肠道细菌群落组成的变化可能导致微生态失调，而这一过程可能导致所有生物系统中的各种疾病的发生。肠道微生物群平衡的这种失衡可能会改变共生细菌和宿主的新陈代谢以及免疫功能。由于与病原体和脂多糖相关的分子模式的暴露，肠道微生物群失调也会导致肠道通透性增加，从而导致慢性炎症过程，最终导致所有生物系统的疾病。在这种情况下，通过使用益生菌、益生元和抗氧化食品进行饮食干预，可以被认为是对肠道微生物群进行调节的一种方法。益生菌的使用剂量可高达 100 亿个菌落形成单位，也可使用益生菌食品、开菲尔和发酵天然酸奶。另一方面，益生元存在于加工食品的补充配方中，也存在于功能性食品中，这些食品也是类黄酮、抗氧化和抗炎物质、多不饱和脂肪酸、维生素和矿物质等酚类化合物的来源。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论肠道微生物群失衡与疾病发展之间的关系，并指出需要进一步研究，通过调节肠道微生物群来确定胃肠道的细菌参数，同时在所有生命周期中采取健康的生活习惯。
