Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
Nutrients. 2022 Apr 16;14(8):1662. doi: 10.3390/nu14081662.
Since pregnancy is already characterized by mild but significant inflammatory activity in physiological conditions, when complicated by obesity the probability of a persistent inflammatory state increases, with consequent multiple repercussions that add up to the complications associated with acute inflammation. In this context, the role of resolvins, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), deriving from omega-3 essential fatty acids, may be crucial. Indeed, differential production in numerous high-risk conditions associated with both childbirth and neonatal health, the correlation between maternal omega-3 intake and resolvin concentrations in maternal blood and at the placental level, and the high values found in breast milk in the first month of breastfeeding, are some of the most important hallmarks of these autacoids. In addition, a growing body of scientific evidence supports the lack of SPMs, at the level of immune-metabolic tissues, in the case of obesity. Furthermore, the obesity-related lack of SPMs seems to be decisive in the context of the current outbreak of COVID-19, as it appears to be one of the causes associated with the higher incidence of complications and negative outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The usefulness of metabolomics in this field appears clear, given that through the metabolome it is possible to observe the numerous and complex interactions between the mother, the placenta and the fetus in order to identify specific biomarkers useful in the prediction, diagnosis and monitoring of the various obstetric conditions. However, further investigations are needed in order to evaluate the possible use of some resolvins as biomarkers of maternal-fetal outcomes but also to establish adequate integration values in pregnant women with omega-3 fatty acids or with more active derivatives that guarantee optimal SPM production under risky conditions.
由于妊娠在生理条件下已经表现出轻微但显著的炎症活性，当肥胖复杂化时，持续炎症状态的可能性增加，随之而来的多种影响累加起来，增加了与急性炎症相关的并发症。在这种情况下，来自ω-3 必需脂肪酸的特殊的促解决介质（SPM），即消退素的作用可能是至关重要的。事实上，在与分娩和新生儿健康相关的许多高危情况下，都存在消退素的差异产生，母体ω-3 摄入与母体血液和胎盘水平的消退素浓度之间存在相关性，以及在母乳喂养的第一个月中在母乳中发现的高值，这些都是这些自身活性物质的最重要特征之一。此外，越来越多的科学证据支持在肥胖的情况下，免疫代谢组织中缺乏 SPM。此外，肥胖相关的 SPM 缺乏似乎在当前 COVID-19 爆发的情况下是决定性的，因为它似乎是与 SARS-CoV-2 感染的并发症和不良后果发生率较高相关的原因之一。代谢组学在这一领域的有用性似乎很明显，因为通过代谢组学可以观察到母亲、胎盘和胎儿之间的许多复杂相互作用，以便确定在预测、诊断和监测各种产科状况时有用的特定生物标志物。然而，需要进一步的研究来评估一些消退素作为母体-胎儿结局的生物标志物的可能用途，以及确定在具有ω-3 脂肪酸或具有保证在风险条件下产生最佳 SPM 的更活跃衍生物的孕妇中进行适当整合的价值。
