S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Perugia, Italy.
Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 Nov 30;11:611929. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.611929. eCollection 2020.
Pregnancy offers a window of opportunity to program the future health of both mothers and offspring. During gestation, women experience a series of physical and metabolic modifications and adaptations, which aim to protect the fetus development and are closely related to both pre-gestational nutritional status and gestational weight gain. Moreover, pre-gestational obesity represents a challenge of treatment, and nowadays there are new evidence as regard its management, especially the adequate weight gain. Recent evidence has highlighted the determinant role of nutritional status and maternal diet on both pregnancy outcomes and long-term risk of chronic diseases, through a transgenerational flow, conceptualized by the Development Origin of Health and Diseases (Dohad) theory. In this review we will analyse the physiological and endocrine adaptation in pregnancy, and the metabolic complications, thus the focal points for nutritional and therapeutic strategies that we must early implement, virtually before conception, to safeguard the health of both mother and progeny. We will summarize the current nutritional recommendations and the use of nutraceuticals in pregnancy, with a focus on the management of pregnancy complicated by obesity and hyperglycemia, assessing the most recent evidence about the effects of ante-natal nutrition on the long-term, on either maternal health or metabolic risk of the offspring.
妊娠为母亲和后代的未来健康提供了一个编程的机会。在妊娠期间，女性经历一系列的身体和代谢改变和适应，旨在保护胎儿的发育，与孕前营养状况和妊娠体重增加密切相关。此外，孕前肥胖是治疗的一个挑战，现在有新的证据表明其管理，特别是适当的体重增加。最近的证据强调了营养状况和母亲饮食对妊娠结局和长期慢性病风险的决定作用，通过一个跨代的流动，由健康和疾病的起源理论（Dohad）概念化。在这篇综述中，我们将分析妊娠的生理和内分泌适应，以及代谢并发症，因此是营养和治疗策略的重点，我们必须在受孕前实施，实际上是在受孕前，以保障母亲和后代的健康。我们将总结目前的营养建议和在妊娠中使用营养保健品，重点是管理肥胖和高血糖症妊娠，评估关于产前营养对长期的影响，无论是对母亲健康还是后代的代谢风险。
